<p>Skinner Tavern, also known as Skinner&#39;s Inn, Halfway Hotel, Western Inn, and Geyer Hotel, is a historic inn and tavern located at Letterkenny Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The original section was built between 1788 and 1794, and is a 2 1/2-story, three bay, stone building in the Georgian-style with a five bay 2 1/2-story, brick addition built between 1837 and 1850. The sections are unified by a gable roof. The building measures 70 feet, 6 inches, deep and 27 feet, 6 inches, wide. It housed a general store and post office from 1888 to 1909, when it was converted to a private residence.</p><br>
<p>In 1788, John Skinner, Sr. was awarded the contract to build the Three Mountain Road from the area now called Upper Strasburg to Burnt Cabins, completing the road about 1790.</p><br>
<p>The original stone tavern was built by John Skinner, Sr., likely in 1788. A little later he built a second tavern, also called Skinners, immediately to the south. By 1794 he had deeded the original tavern to his son George and deeded the second tavern to John, Jr.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after October 21, 1794, President George Washington stayed at or travelled past "Skinners", while returning from Bedford to Philadelphia during the Whiskey Rebellion. As he wrote to Alexander Hamilton from Wrights Ferry on October 26, ""thus far I have proceeded without accident to man, horse or Carriage, altho the latter has had wherewith to try its goodness; especially in ascending the North Mountain from Skinners by a wrong road."</p><br>
<p>Before 1800, the Three Mountain Road became an important part of the main road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and thus an important path for travelers and settlers going west, and farmers bringing their produce east. During the "drover&#39;s era", which lasted until about 1850, large numbers of cattle and sheep moved east along the road and taverns were located about a mile apart on it.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Skinner Tavern FrankCo 2.JPGView from the east</p><br>
<p>Skinner Tavern FrankCo 3.JPGView from the northeast</p><br>
<p>Llanarth Court is a late-18th-century country house with substantial 19th-century alterations in Llanarth, Monmouthshire, Wales. The court was built for the Jones family of Treowen, Monmouthshire and was subsequently the home of Ivor Herbert, 1st Baron Treowen, whose family still owns much of the Llanarth estate, although not the court itself. The court is a Grade II* listed building and is now a private hospital.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first house recorded on the property goes back to the early medieval period and was called Hendre obaith, Home of the Old Faith. It came into the possession of ancestors of the Jones family well before 1469. for John Jones. It was remodelled 1849–51 by Edward Habershon and his brother, W. G. Habershon, in an Italianate style. Lord Treowen, the ennobled descendant of the Joneses, died in 1933 and, his only son having predeceased him, the court was inherited by his daughter, the Honourable Fflorens Roch who gave it to the Roman Catholic Church in 1948. It operated as a Benedictine school until that was closed around 1986 and was subsequently sold for conversion into a private hospital.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The architectural historian John Newman describes the court as a "monster Neo-classical house", consisting of a three-storey, double pile block of thirteen bays. The entrance porch, reputedly modelled on the temple at Paestum, has been removed. The Habershons&#39; work included the rendering and much classical decoration. The interior has been modernised and institutionalised and contains "little of either the later eighteenth or the mid-nineteenth centuries". The Monmouthshire author and artist Fred Hando, recording a visit to the court in the 1960s, noted the presence of two pictures by Tiepolo, The Healing at the Pool of Siloam and The Woman taken in Adultery. The latter is now in the collection of Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales. The court used to contain the original hall screen from Treowen, but, writing in 1999, Newman stated that the screen "is likely to be returned thither", a view which echoed that of Hando, writing 30 years earlier; "The oak screen dated 1627 was transferred from Treowen where, in my opinion, it would be more happily housed".</p><br>
<p>The gardens surrounding the court are a "well preserved early 19th century landscape park". It is possible that the landscape gardeners Samuel Lapidge and John Claudius Loudon were involved in its design.</p><br>
<p>Stover–Winger Farm, also known as Tayamentasachta, is a historic farm complex located at Antrim Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The house was built in the 1840s or 1850s, and is a two-story, four-bay, "T"-shaped, brick dwelling. It has a two-story, three-bay brick cased log wing. It has a one-story, shed-roofed porch along three sides. Also on the property are a contributing brick beehive oven, brick end bank barn built in 1849 and rebuilt in 1876 after a fire, frame wagon shed, and metal "Stover Wind Engine". The farm was purchased by the Greencastle-Antrim School District in 1966. The property includes the spring named Tayamentasachta, a favorite camp site for the Delaware Indians.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Carrick Furnace is a historic iron furnace located at Metal Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The property includes the limestone furnace stack, a Peter L. Weimer blowing engine , boilers for the steam engine, and the charging ramp, engine house, and cast house foundations. The furnace was built about 1828, and measures 30 feet square at the base and 30 feet high. Furnace operations were suspended in 1837, the property sold in 1843, then leased in 1850 to "Witherow and Walker." The furnace was converted in 1879 to hot blast with the installation of the steam-powered blowing engine. The furnace went out of blast in 1884, and was donated to the Franklin County Historical Society-Kittochtinney in 1935.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Millmont Farm is a historic home and farm complex at Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The property includes the main house, a double log house, a stone and frame secondary dwelling, a large frame bank barn, and the site of a grist mill. The main house was built between 1798 and 1821, and is a 2-story, five bay stone dwelling with a 1 1/2-story rear wing. It has a vernacular Georgian plan. The property was owned by James Ramsey, whose granddaughters were the sisters Jane Irwin Harrison , daughter-in-law of and White House hostess for USA President William Henry Harrison, and Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin Harrison , mother of USA President Benjamin Harrison.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Portland General Electric Company Station "L" Group in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon was a cluster of six industrial buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built between 1910 and 1929 by Portland General Electric , it was added to the register in 1985. In 1986, PGE gave Station L and 18.5 acre of land to the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry . The Station L turbine is a central feature of OMSI&#39;s Turbine Hall.</p><br>
<p>Station L was on the east bank of the Willamette River just south of the Marquam Bridge. The parcel of land on which the six historic one- or two-story structures rested occupied 4.7 acre of a larger property owned by PGE. All six were used to house equipment for generating electricity.</p><br>
<p>Five of the listed buildings&mdash;the turbine room, the LP boiler room, the Lincoln Substation, the HP boiler room addition, and the 1929 powerhouse extension&mdash;were structurally connected. The sixth building, the Stephens Substation, was slightly northeast of the connected buildings. At the time of nomination to the National Register in 1985, the structural condition of the buildings varied from very poor to very good. Major equipment in these buildings in 1985 included an overhead crane, a turbine generator, electric switchgear, furnaces, conveyors, elevated walkways, concrete storage racks, boilers, and pipes. Taken as a whole, the group was the "last relatively complete major wood-fired steam-powered generating station in the Pacific Northwest".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Station L was built on property that had belonged to James B. Stephens, a barrel maker who emigrated to the Oregon Country in 1844. After buying land along the Willamette River from John McLoughlin, Stephens built a house and a boat dock, established a river ferry, and in 1861 laid out the city of East Portland on the property. Rails for the Oregon Central Railroad were delivered by steamboat to Stephen&#39;s dock and laid through East Portland in 1869.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, to provide electricity for streetcars and lighting for a growing population, three Portland-area businessmen&mdash;Parker F. Morey, Henry Failing, and Frederick Van Voorhies Holman&mdash;formed PGE. About a month after it was created, PGE acquired the Willamette Falls Electric Company, which generated hydroelectricity at Willamette Falls in Oregon City, and began buying or building thermal power stations at various locations in the vicinity of Portland. Among these stations, labeled A through M, Station L was one. It was located near the Inman-Poulson Lumber Company, which supplied wood waste to fuel the stations steam boilers and which used electricity to run its machines. This arrangement continued through 1954, when the lumber company went out of business. Although Station Ls boilers were converted to burn oil or natural gas instead of wood waste, its electricity became more expensive to produce than the hydroelectricity that PGE could buy from the Bonneville Power Administration. PGE put the station on "cold standby" in 1964 and shut it completely in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Clytha Park, Clytha, Monmouthshire, is a 19th-century Neoclassical country house, "the finest early nineteenth century Greek Revival house in the county." The wider estate encompasses Monmouthshire&#39;s "two outstanding examples of late eighteenth century Gothic", the gates to the park and Clytha Castle. The owners were the Jones family, later Herbert, of Treowen and Llanarth Court. It is a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house on the site, Clytha House, was built by the Berkeley family of Spetchley Park in Worcestershire. It was subsequently purchased by William Jones the Elder, who constructed the gates and Clytha Castle. His son, William Jones the Younger, from 1862 Herbert, razed the Georgian mansion to the ground and replaced it with the Neoclassical Clytha Park. The Monmouthshire antiquarian Sir Joseph Bradney records that Jones&#39;s attempts to change his name to Herbert occasioned a long feud with his near neighbour, Lord Llanover, the Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire, who sought to block the change; "A long and acrimonious, and at times highly humorous, correspondence ensued in the newspapers and a debate on the subject took place in the house of commons".</p><br>
<p>Beginning work on his inheritance in 1820, Jones used the Shrewsbury architect, Edward Haycock Snr. In the later 19th century, the house contained the painting, The Deluge by Francis Danby. A service wing at the rear of the house was demolished in 1957. Although owned by the National Trust, the house remains the private residence of Sir Richard Hanbury-Tenison, Lord Lieutenant of Gwent 1979-2001, and is accessible only by prior written appointment.</p><br>
<p>The wider estate encompasses Monmouthshire&#39;s "two outstanding examples of late eighteenth century Gothic", the gates to the park and Clytha Castle. Overlooking the house, on a prominent hill, stands the folly of Clytha Castle, constructed by William Jones the Elder in memory of his wife. Long attributed to John Nash, recent documentary discovery has shown that it was designed by John Davenport, who also laid out the grounds, a "well-preserved (example of) a late eighteenth century landscape park". The original canal in the grounds by Davenport was extended in the early 19th century to create the present lake, the spoil from the excavations being used to create a raised platform for the new house. The park was further developed by Henry Avray Tipping in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>On the old Abergavenny-to-Raglan road stand the entrance gates, again reputedly by John Nash, who did undertake work in South Wales. A lodge is set to one side. They are earlier than the house, of 1797.The gates have their own Grade II* listing.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and description</h2><br>
<p>The architectural historian John Newman considers Clytha, "the finest early nineteenth century Greek Revival house in the county." The building is a square in the Greek Doric style, of ashlar with sandstone dressings. It is of two storeys and has a "fine centr(al) sandstone Ionic tetrastyle portico". The interior is pure Doric, with a circular vestibule leading to a spacious, top-lit, staircase hall. Peter Smith, in his 1975 (2nd edition 1988) study, Houses of the Welsh Countryside, describes Clytha as "represent(ing) the best of the Greek revival". The court was designated a Grade I listed building on 1 September 1956. Cadw&#39;s listing describes Clytha Park as "one of the best neo-classical houses in Wales".</p><br>
<p>The King and Queen  is a pub in the seaside resort of Brighton, part of the city of Brighton and Hove. The present building, a "striking" architectural "pantomime" by the prolific local firm Clayton & Black, dates from the 1930s, but a pub of this name has stood on the site since 1779—making it one of the first developments beyond the boundaries of the ancient village. This 18th-century pub was, in turn, converted from a former farmhouse. Built using materials characteristic of 16th-century Vernacular architecture, the pub is in the Mock Tudor style and has a wide range of extravagant decorative features inside and outside—contrasting with the simple design of the neighbouring offices at 20–22 Marlborough Place, designed a year later. English Heritage has listed the pub at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brighton developed into a fashionable resort in the 18th and 19th centuries, with Old Steine as one of its focal points. This was at the southern end of a large area of poorly drained, low-lying open space that later became known as Valley Gardens. The first residential development outside the four-street boundary of the ancient village was in 1771–72, when North Row was built on the west side of the open land. It was renamed Marlborough Place in 1819. One old building was incorporated into the street: a farmhouse which was refronted in the Georgian style and became the King and Queen pub in 1779. The name commemorated King George III and Queen Charlotte.</p><br>
<p>At first the inn catered mostly for agricultural workers from the surrounding farms, although players and spectators involved in cricket matches on the adjacent open land also used the inn. (This trade ceased when the area was enclosed in 1817 to form parkland now known as Victoria Gardens.) An army barracks stood behind the pub, and for many years its soldiers were supplied with alcohol through a secret hole and passageway in the rear wall. The barracks, originally for infantry and later the home of the 1st Sussex Rifles and 1st Sussex Artillery Volunteers regiments, closed in 1870; the Blenheim Hotel and the town&#39;s first courthouse now occupy the site.</p><br>
<p>The inns importance increased further in the early 19th century when Brightons corn market was established there: On 1 October 1868 it moved again to the former riding school of the Royal Pavilion, built in 1803–08 by William Porden. Other 19th-century events included the inquest of a man killed during rioting in Old Steine in 1817.</p><br>
<p>The pub and most of the buildings north of it, as far as the junction with Church Street, were rebuilt in the 1930s. Their chosen style for the rebuilding was Mock Tudor, which was fashionable at the time, and the bow-fronted two-storey Georgian exterior was completely changed to form a "striking interwar interloper" amongst neighbouring buildings such as the Neo-Georgian Allied Irish Bank branch and a series of four-storey offices. The interior was also altered to the design of Ashby Tabb of the interior design firm Heaton Tabb & Company, who added stained glass and a barrel-vaulted wooden ceiling at first-floor level, where a "children&#39;s room" was created. This later became a general function room. Clayton & Black extended the pub to the north in 1935–36, adding a two-storey section. Although the King and Queen name was retained, the monarchs represented were changed at this time to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their images were painted beneath one of the gables. A contemporary report in the Brighton Herald newspaper praised the rebuilt pub, stating that it was "something more than a handsome, spacious building... it is a gorgeous flight of architectural imagination".</p><br>
<p>The interior was altered in 1967, when the original three-room space was reconfigured to form a single room "in the form of a spacious medieval nobleman&#39;s hall". The pub markets itself as a sports bar, with large screen televisions and several pool tables, and as a music venue; local DJ Fatboy Slim has played there, and there is a regular karaoke night.</p><br>
<p>The pub was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 19 March 1997. As of February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove. It is also within the Valley Gardens Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in Brighton and Hove. On 24 October 2015 it was registered as an asset of community value by Brighton and Hove City Council.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The King and Queen has been widely praised for its distinctive, elaborately detailed architecture. Clayton & Black&#39;s "theatrical rebuilding", completed in 1932, created an architectural "pantomime" of "olde-worlde Tudor" elements incorporating "an impressive array of seemingly authentic details". The architects used a "wonderful assembly" of features commonly associated with 16th-century Vernacular architecture, selecting those which gave the most decorative appearance and allowed the widest variety of materials to be used. The main structure is of red brick laid in the English bond pattern; there is stonework to the ground floor, plaster and timber framing above, and a tiled roof with three weatherboarded dormer windows at the top (attic) storey, below which are the two main storeys. To the right (north) side is a two-storey section dating from 1935–36.</p><br>
<p>The main section has five bays of unequal width; the first, third and fifth project slightly and have large gables. The third bay, the largest, has an entrance with a Tudor arch and double wooden doors, and there are smaller entrances in the fourth and fifth bays, again with similar doors featuring panelling and metal grilles set in moulded doorcases. Projecting forward between the fourth and fifth bays is the stone-dressed exterior of a stair-turret with a pair of Tudor-arched stained glass windows divided by a thick transom and set in a recess with a hood mould. The glass depicts knights and medieval ladies. The first (southernmost) bay rises to three storeys, of which the lower two have canted bay windows with mullions and transoms. The top storey, with its intricately decorated gable, is jettied and features painted plaster reliefs of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn with another mullioned and transomed window between them. Carved figures of the same king and queen are supported on brackets above the main entrance at first-floor level, in front of another medieval-style straight-headed window. Above this are gold lion and unicorn figures flanking carved corbels which support a three-light diamond-patterned window. On each side are smaller four-light windows of a similar pattern. A carved bressummer separates these from the half-timbered gable above. The second and fourth bays, slightly recessed, have plaster façades with applied carved timber framing and mullioned and transomed windows. The fifth bay, also plaster-clad, has two three-window ranges linked by a timber balustrade pattern and set below an elaborate gable with painted heraldic emblems, coats of arms and similar. Rising behind this gable is a stone-quoined brick tower topped with a chimney and another gable, from which two carved sheep&#39;s heads project.</p><br>
<p>The north wing is mostly timber-framed with nogging infill. There is herringbone brickwork at first-floor level around the series of two-light windows. Much use is made of decorative ironwork: the ground floor is mostly open in the form of an oak-braced carriage arch with a portcullis, and between the brick piers which divide the wing into a series of bays are entrances with "fearsome wrought iron embellishments". The tiled roof has two gabled dormers. The part of this wing facing inwards towards the courtyard has brick and timberwork with balustrades and gables, and there is an open gallery on one side. Carved medieval figures are found in several places.</p><br>
<p>Inside, despite the opening out of Heaton Tabb & Co&#39;s original three-room interior in 1967, many 1930s features remain, including a wood and wrought iron bar, a balustraded gallery (with later glazing), moulded fireplaces, decorative coloured glass with heraldic emblems, tapestries, timber panelling with linenfold carving, panelled doors with iron grilles, carved oak beams and lintels and medieval-style carved settles. A curved staircase leading to the first-floor function room apparently dates from the 1967 alterations; it has a balustrade and stained glass inserts.</p><br>
<p>The Hauge Log Church is located in the community of Daleyville in the town of Perry, Wisconsin. Hauge Log Church was the first Norwegian Lutheran Church constructed in western Wisconsin. Hauge Log Church is located on County Highway Z just off State Highway 78. The historic building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Logs for the church were cut and drawn in 1851 and construction was completed in 1852. Hauge Evangelical Lutheran Church was used for worship services by early Norwegian-American settlers who were followers of the Haugean tradition (haugianere). They named it after Norwegian lay minister Hans Nielsen Hauge. The church was the first Norwegian Lutheran Church in its area. Adjacent to the church is a small cemetery where members of the first congregation are buried.</p><br>
<p>Perry Evangelical Lutheran Congregation was organized in 1854. Both congregations shared the log church until December 1858 when the Perry congregation completed their own structure, now the Perry Lutheran Church in nearby Daleyville, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The Hauge congregation remained in the original log church some 35 years until 1887 when a new larger building was constructed approximately two miles east. In 1927 the church building was restored. The Dane County Wisconsin Historical Society recognized the site for its historical significance, and dedicated a Historic Marker there in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Since 1966, care of Hauge Log Church has been entrusted to the Perry Hauge Log Church Preservation Association, Inc. The 30-acre Hauge Historic Park was established by the Town of Perry for the purpose of protecting the Hauge Log Church historic site. The pioneer sanctuary has been made available to host concerts, weddings, family events, celebration and other special occasions.</p><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel is a historic hotel that is in use in Jerome, Arizona. The hotels motto is "Arizonas mile high historic landmark"</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founded as the United Verde Hospital</h3><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel was originally constructed in 1926 under the name United Verde Hospital, owned by the United Verde Copper Company (UVCC), later to become Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation. Some knew it as the Phelps Dodge Hospital and United Verde Copper Hospital. It was the 4th and final hospital in Jerome. Opened in January 1927, the United Verde Hospital was a state-of-the-art medical facility; in 1930, listed as the most modern and well equipped hospital in Arizona and possibly in all of the western states. The hospital, however was closed in 1950, as the mining operations began shutting down and medical services were available in the neighboring community of Cottonwood, where many of the staff transferred to. The building stood unused for the next 44 years.</p><br>
<h3>As the Jerome Grand Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The former hospital was purchased by the Altherr family from the Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation in 1994, and was renamed the Jerome Grand Hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Jerome Grand Hotel is well noted to be the highest commercial building in the Verde Valley, being at a height of 5240 feet above sea level. The hotel was built as a Mission Revival Style of architecture and was the last major building to be constructed in Jerome. The building was considered by many a masterpiece of architecture because, not only was it constructed of poured-in-place concrete, but also at a 50 degree slope on solid bedrock, up against the slopes of Mingus Mountain. The 30,000 square foot building was designed to be fireproof-not one piece of wood is in the framework-and also earthquake proof, as it needed to withstand not only the rumblings of Mother Nature but also the blasts of 260,000 pounds of dynamite.</p><br>
<h2>The Otis Elevator and the Kewanee Boiler</h2><br>
<p>The Otis Elevator, which was Arizona&#39;s first self-service elevator, was installed in the United Verde Hospital in 1926 and serves all five floors of the building. The elevator is regularly maintained and inspected, insuring safety for public use. This Otis elevator is different from modern elevators because, designed for hospital use, it travels much more slowly, at a distance of only 50 feet per minute, rather than the normal 800 feet per minute found on high rise buildings.</p><br>
<p>The caste iron Kewanee Boiler, which was also installed in 1926, provides low pressure steam throughout the building. The Kewanee boiler, designed to not only be portable but also convertible, could operate on wood, coal or oil. When in use during the hospital days, the source was oil and has since been converted to operate using natural gas, producing between 800,000 and 2,500,000 BTUs. The Kewanee Boiler also utilizes a dual pump feature, so it need not be shut off for maintenance nor repair, insuring consistent pressure and warmth throughout the building.</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>While it operated as the United Verde Hospital and later became the Jerome Grand Hotel, many alleged hauntings have occurred. According to ghostlyfavorites.com., "Due to the high level of activity in the hotel, it is a quite popular destination for amateur ghost hunters". Guests that have stayed at the hotel reported to hear coughing, labored breathing, and even voices coming from empty rooms. Guests also reported smells coming from rooms, such as flowers, dust, cigar smoke, and whiskey. Others report light anomalies and the television sets turning themselves on with no explanation.</p><br>
<p>Many guests and hotel staff have heard and seen what appears to be a 4 or 5 year old child running down the hallway on the 3rd floor, sometimes crying or laughing. This child also likes to appear at the foot of the bed in various rooms, just staring at the beds occupant. Frequently, the sounds of giggling and running occur on the top floor, as though children are at play. The sounds of a newborn babys cry is common on the 3rd and 4th floors, as well as the faint smell of baby powder and zinc oxide. The babys crying has alerted enough guests that theyve phoned the front desk out of concern; the location being a vacant room.</p><br>
<p>Staff as well as guests frequently report bedside table lamps and televisions being unplugged, shampoo bottles rolling across the floor or flying across the room. The sound of doors opening/closing while the room is otherwise vacant are common. Guests have found electronics such as cell phones and camcorders dead center beneath the bed. Front Desk staff, particularly the graveyard shift, have reported hearing coughing and sneezing from the hotels laundry room, seeing shadows in the same area of whom they believe to be Claude Harvey, the hospitals maintenance man who was found dead on April 3, 1935, pinned beneath the Otis elevator, presumably murdered. They see and hear Claude roaming the stairwells and the boiler room as though still at work. Many guests have reported seeing the apparitions of two ladies, one in a white gown, and another one in a nurses outfit, as well as someone who appears to be a doctor or nurse, in a long lab coat carrying a clipboard, roaming the halls. A Spirit Cat is a frequent visitor to the hotel. Its origin unknown, the cat has been heard meowing, hissing and scratching at doors and walls. Both staff and guests have heard and felt the cat brushing against their legs and snuggling against them while on the bed. Most notable is the imprint on the bedding of what is believed to be the cat curled up, that bedding moments earlier, smooth and straight. A photo, provided by a guest staying in Rm 20 in 2008, shows the cat very clearly. This photo is still at the front desk.</p><br>
<p>During its hospital days, many deaths occurred from illness or injury, but also some rather suspicious in origin, like that of maintenance man Claude Harvey. Claude was found pinned by the back of the neck by the elevator, quite dead. A thorough inspection of the elevator was done, as well as a coroners inquest, that determined the elevator could not have caused Claudes death. No autopsy was allowed to be performed, nor x-ray taken, as the United Verde Copper Company, who owned the building, did not want suspicion pointing in their direction as accident nor intent. Claude&#39;s is the only death in the hospital whose cause has yet to be determined. Speculation is, Mr. Harvey was murdered and his body placed in the elevator room, with his head hanging over the elevator shaft, to look like an accident.</p><br>
<p>Only one other known death since the hospital closed down in 1950, that of Manoah Hoffpauir, a local man hired by Phelps Dodge Mining Company to be a presence in the vacant building, hoping to offset the years of vandalism. Manoah was found hanging from a steam pipe in the Engineer&#39;s Office, where he resided while serving as the caretaker. His death, in 1982, was ruled a suicide. During its days as the United Verde Hospital, an estimated 9000 deaths occurred.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the hotel was featured on an episode of Ghost Adventures.</p><br>
<p>Dewstow House, Caldicot, Monmouthshire, Wales, is an earlier nineteenth century villa in a Neoclassical style. The house is notable as the site of "one of the strangest gardens in Wales." The building itself is plain; described by architectural writer John Newman as a "simple three-bay villa", it has extensive views over the Severn Estuary. It is a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>Within, and under, the grounds lies a "network of very rare and unusual underground gardens" constructed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Comprising "underground passages and top-light chambers with artificial rock-work and stalactities," the garden structures have three separate Grade II* listings as a result of their importance. After the death of the garden&#39;s creator, Harry Oakley, in 1940, the gardens were gradually abandoned. In the 1960s, during the construction of the M4 motorway and the Severn Bridge, soil from these sites was used to fill in the grottoes and pools.</p><br>
<p>The gardens were rediscovered, excavated and restored at the beginning of the twenty first century and are now open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Valley of Iron County, Utah, United States is a 25 mi long valley located in the southeast of the county, against the Hurricane Cliffs which border the Cedar Mountains and the Markagunt Plateau.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Valley borders the southeast of the Escalante Desert, at its north and northwest. Cedar City, Utah lies in the valley&#39;s center and east, at the foothills of the Hurricane Cliffs.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Valley is northeast trending. It narrows in the southwest, between mountain ranges; in this southwest section, the Harmony Mountains are west, and the Hurricane Cliffs are east, bordering the Kolob Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The valley is mostly about 6 to 8 mi wide, between mountains, or ranges, or the Hurricane Cliffs, to the east, which is a 75-mi long landform, from Hurricane, Utah at its southwest end.</p><br>
<p>The valley&#39;s north and northwest terminus merges into the Mud Spring Wash&ndash;Rush Lake region at the southwest of the Black Mountains (Utah), (and the southeast perimeter of the Escalante Desert); a ridgeline extending southwest from the Black Mountains parallels the Hurricane Cliffs, and its terminus is at the north end of Cedar Valley (and Rush Lake). Between the ridgeline, and Hurricane Cliffs, east, Interstate 15 traverses, (only about 1-mi wide, adjacent the site of Summit). It is also the route of the former Old Spanish National Historic Trail. The Historic Trail traverses the Cedar Valley from Enoch in the northeast, across the center-north to exit through the hills northwest, and through the townsite of Iron Springs, between the hills, and on the southeast edge of the Escalante Desert.</p><br>
<h3>Valley lowpoints</h3><br>
<p>Quichapa Lake (dry lake) is located in the center-south of the valley, 4 mi northwest of Hamilton Fort, and fed by washes and creeks, from both the northwest and southwest, and from the southeast, (Hurricane Cliffs and Cedar Mountains).</p><br>
<p>At the valley&#39;s north-northwest terminus, Mud Spring Wash flows northwest into the Escalante Desert. The intermittent dry lake, Rush Lake is at its origin; Rush Lake is adjacent the ridgeline southwest from the Black Mountains, and at the downhill region of the alluvial fan, Long Hollow.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Interstate (I-15) traverses almost the entire length of the valley starting at the southwest, follows the valley&#39;s east, against the Hurricane Cliffs, and exits between the Cliffs and a ridgeline southeast from the Black Mountains. I-15 enters the southwest of Parowan Valley.</p><br>
<p>From the north, Utah State Route 130 (SR-130) travels due-south from Minersville through the Black Mountains, then a 10 mi stretch through Long Hollow, an alluvial foothill section between two ridgelines of the Black Mountains, the foothills/alluvial fan area meeting the north terminus of Cedar Valley. SR-130, joins I-15 just north of Cedar City.</p><br>
<p>Utah State Route 56 (SR-56) crosses the valley center, east-west. The route enters the center-southwest Cedar Valley region, and the route lies between the Antelope Range, north, and the Harmony Mountains, south. The route comes from Iron Mountain, Utah, and Iron Mountain Wye, in the mountains. In the Antelope Range, north, Iron Spring Road meets the valley center-northwest; the route comes from Iron Mountain, located between off-lying peaks east of the Antelope Range.</p><br>
<p>The Lund Highway, formerly designated as Utah State Route 19 (1927-1969), enters the valleys northwest from Lund, located in the center-(and northwest perimeter region) of the Escalante Desert; Lund is about 30 mi from Cedar Valleys center.</p><br>
<p>Lake Barombi Koto, also known as Lake Barombi Kotto or Lake Barombi-ba-Kotto, is a small lake in the volcanic chain in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is a volcanic lake with a diameter of about 1.2 km. There is a small island in the middle, which is densely inhabited by the Barombi, a tribe of fishers. The Tung Nsuia and Tung Nsuria streams, each about 1 - wide and 0.3 m deep near their mouth, are the only inflows into the lake, and they dry out in dry season.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Barombi Koto often appears green-brown because it is rich in phytoplankton. They are potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide from the lake&#39;s bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although Barombi Koto is too shallow to contain very high amounts of this gas.</p><br>
<p>The nothobranchiids Aphyosemion bivittatum, Epiplatys sexfasciatus and Fundulopanchax oeseri, the poeciliid Procatopus similis, and Barbus callipterus are found in the Tung Nsuia and Tung Nsuria streams.</p><br>
<p>Bulinus snails (including the near-endemic B. camerunensis) infested with Schistosoma, which causes the disease bilharzia in humans, are present in the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Lake Mboandong</h2><br>
<p>About 1 km south of Lake Barombi Koto is the even smaller Lake Mboandong, another shallow crater lake with a diameter of about 0.4 km. There is no inflow and the only outflow is a small stream during the wet season.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mboandong is less rich in phytoplankton and has less fish species, but all are species shared with Lake Barombi Koto and its inflowing streams: Aphyosemion bivittatum, Fundulopanchax oeseri, Coptodon kottae, Hemichromis fasciatus and Sarotherodon galilaeus. Members of the Barombi tribe that live at Lake Barombi Koto sometimes visit Lake Mboandong to fish.</p><br>
<p>Ghaamsberg is a mountain in South Africa. situated just east of Aggeneys, in the Namakwa District Municipality of the Northern Cape province, 33 km to the south of the border with Namibia. Its summit is 1148 metres above sea level.</p><br>
<p>It is noted for its biological diversity.The unique ecologies on the various inselbergs, peaks, hills and plains in the vicinity, having varied rocky and shallow soil substrates, support a wide diversity of plants, animals, birds and insects, including rare and endemic species, a number of them threatened. The writer William Charles Scully wrote that, “for sheer uncompromising aridity, for stark grotesque naked horror, these mountains stand probably unsurpassed on the face of the globe.”</p><br>
<p>There are proposals for an open-cast zinc mine on its summit.</p><br>
<p>This mountain should not be confused with Gamsberg, a mountain in Namibia.</p><br>
<p>Llanvihangel  Court, Llanvihangel Crucorney, is a Tudor country house in Monmouthshire, Wales. The architectural historian John Newman, in his Gwent/Monmouthshire volume of The Buildings of Wales series described the court as "the most impressive and richly decorated house of around 1600 in Monmouthshire". The origins of the house are medieval, with a traditional date of construction of 1471. The building was given its present appearance by a substantial enlargement and re-casing of circa 1600 by Rhys Morgan, of the family of the original owners. In the very early 17th century it was owned briefly by Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester.</p><br>
<p>In 1627 it was purchased by Nicholas Arnold and was further extended by him and by his heir John. Nicholas Arnold was a noted horse-breeder as well as Member of Parliament for Monmouthshire and was responsible for the construction of the Stable Block at Llanvihangel. His son was a notorious anti-Papist and Llanvihangel became a centre of the campaign against Monmouthshire recusants.</p><br>
<p>The court had a number of owners in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, including the Earls of Oxford and Earls Mortimer. It remains a private house that is occasionally opened to the public and a Grade I listed building. The stable block has its own Grade I listed, and the garden house, originally one of two on the site of a former walled garden, is listed Grade II*.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The traditional construction date of the court is 1471 but little remains of this original building. In the mid-16th century the Morgan family began a substantial rebuilding which incorporated certain of the earlier medieval elements. A further rebuilding took place at the end of the 16th or the start of the 17th centuries, when the house was again extended to form a substantial building on an H-plan. It is not certain which elements of this reconstruction were undertaken by the Morgans, or by the Arnolds, who purchased the court in 1627.</p><br>
<p>Nicholas Arnold was member of parliament for Monmouthshire, and Sheriff for the county in 1633. He was also a significant breeder of horses and undertook the construction of the stable block at Llanfihangel soon after his purchase of the estate. Nicholas was succeeded by his son John, also an MP and a staunch Protestant. His religious views and marked intolerance of Catholics, in a county with a strong recusant tradition, made him a controversial figure. Arnold led the persecution of Catholics within Monmouthshire and was responsible for the hunting, trial and execution of a number of Catholic priests. An example was the Jesuit Father David Lewis who was caught by Arnold at St Michael&#39;s Church, Llantarnam, held at Llanvihangel, and subsequently executed at Usk in 1679.</p><br>
<p>Following the death of Arnold&#39;s son, without issue, his daughters sold the estate to Edward Harley in 1722. His grandson sold the house in 1903 to Mr. Atwood Matthews whose widow lived there until 1924. It was then bought by a Mr. Bennett. On his death in 1945 the house was purchased by Colonel and Mrs H S P Hopkinson, a direct descendant of the Edward Somerset who owned it in 1608. His family continue to own the court and it is occasionally opened to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and description</h2><br>
<p>The house has a "complicated building history". The construction is largely of Old Red Sandstone rubble. The north front is of two storeys and six bays, and is from the Morgan extension of 1599, and later made more symmetrical by Nicholas and John Arnold in the mid and late 17th century. Further work continued as late as the 20th century; Mrs Matthews adding two huge bay windows to the east front and a "strange Egyptian-style room" to the south in 1905. These were removed by Mr Bennett, owner from 1925–45, who worked to restore the original Tudor appearance of the house.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains plaster ceilings, screens, fireplaces, doorcases and a "magnificant" staircase" of very high quality, some from the 17th century and some from later re-modelling. The Monmouthshire author and artist, Fred Hando, visited the house in the early 1950s and described it is his book Journeys in Gwent. Hando recorded the "seventeenth century decorated plaster work ceiling" in the great hall, and the fire-back, dated 1694, which had previously formed a bridge over a nearby stream. John Newman records the view of the Secretary of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales who suggests that some of the plaster ceilings, long considered to be Jacobean, may in fact be careful re-modellings of the early 20th century by the architectural partnership of Bodley and Garner, who were undertaking contemporaneous remodelling at Powis Castle. Cadw also notes this uncertainty as to the actual dates for the ceilings, recording that "all the decorative plaster ceilings are of a character and would either be 17th century or Victorian reproduction(s)".</p><br>
<p>The staircase rises in an extension of the late 17th century by John Arnold. It is variously described as of "yew" (by Coflein), or of "oak" (by Cadw). On the turn are two early 20th century stained glass windows, depicting Elizabeth I and Charles I and his family, both of whom are traditionally supposed to have visited the court.</p><br>
<p>The stair leads to the former great chamber. Above this is a long room, stretching the whole of the entrance front and which Cadw suggests may have been a long gallery of the Arnold&#39;s time. The court is a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Garden and estate</h2><br>
<p>The grounds and outbuildings are also of note. Nicholas Arnold laid out the gardens to the court in the mid-17th century. An oil painting in the hall shows the results. The plan is axial, the court at the centre, surrounded by terraces, and with two long avenues of trees, pines to the north and sweet chesnuts to the south. The gardening writer Helena Attlee</p><br>
<p>notes Arnold&#39;s intention to "broadcast wealth, power and permanence".</p><br>
<p>The Stable Block is "a great rarity dating from 1630–40 and largely unaltered". It is a Grade I listed building in its own right.</p><br>
<p>Near the lake there is a small brick summerhouse, also called the Guardhouse or Garden House, which was originally one of a pair completing a walled enclosure around the court. Attlee suggests there may have been three such structures, although the third may have been a dovecote. The Garden House has its own Grade II* listed designation.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings in the courtyard complex and gardens with their own Grade II listings include the barn attached to the stables, the cider house, the coach house, the garden walls, terraces and gate piers and the walled garden.</p><br>
<p>Borough Hall of the Borough of Waynesboro is a historic borough hall in Waynesboro in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1881 by the town council as a public theater and fire station and named the Academy of Music. The first lecture at the theater, "The Rise and Fall of the Moustache", was given by Robert Burdette, one of over 3,000 times he gave the lecture throughout the country. The theater hosted the first motion picture shown in Waynesboro in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The three-story, square brick building in the Second Empire-style features a mansard roof with straight sides, a central pavilion extending approximately two stories above the roofline, cast-iron roof cresting, and eyebrow-like window heads.</p><br>
<p>It housed a number of functions including theater, public market, and library. It has housed solely borough offices since 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Rock Hill Farm, also known as the Davis-Stauffer Farm Complex, is a historic home and farm and national historic district located at Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 12 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 3 contributing structures. They are associated with three areas: the Davis-Chamber farmstead , Eliab Negley House , and Joseph Negley farmstead . Contributing components of the Davis-Chamber farmstead include the log and frame main house , 18th century log smokehouse, limestone milk house , frame wash house , frame outhouse , frame wagon shed , and a frame barn with concrete sile . The property also includes a stone wall , and the archaeological remains of earlier buildings including a limestone mill dismantled about 1930. The Eliab Negley House is a log dwelling built between 1810 and 1823. The Joseph Negley farmstead includes a Greek Revival-style dwelling built between 1836 and 1850, with later modifications about 1900. Also on the property are a contributing 19th century smokehouse, a frame wagon shed , and a large shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Mercersburg Historic District is a national historic district centered on the center square of Mercersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 124 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Mercersburg. The residential buildings include a number of sheathed log, stone, and brick dwellings, with some dating to the 18th century. The district has a number of notable examples of the Federal, Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival styles. Notable non-residential buildings include the Presbyterian Church , United Church of Christ , Mansion House Hotel, James Buchanan Hotel, McKinstry Building, and First National Bank. Located in the district and separately listed is the Lane House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, with a boundary increase in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Lane House Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPGLane House on Main Street</p><br>
<p>1st National Bank Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPGFirst National Bank</p><br>
<p>47 N Main,Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA side.JPG47 North Main St.</p><br>
<p>26 S Main Mercersburg FrankCo PA.JPG26 South Main St.</p><br>
<p>Fendrick Library, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPGFendrick Library</p><br>
<p>123 Seminary, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPG123 Seminary St.</p><br>
<p>Trinity United CoC, Mercersburg, FrankCo, PA.JPGTrinity United Church of Christ</p><br>
<p>The George A. Lougee House is a historic house located at 620 South Ingersoll Street in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. The house was built in 1907 for hotel proprietor George A. Lougee. Architects Claude and Starck, a prominent local firm with ties to Frank Lloyd Wright, designed the Prairie School home. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>George A. Lougee was born in New Hampshire in 1850. By 1875, he had entered the hospitality business, operating the Pennsylvania Railroads first dining car. Lougee ran Madisons Park Hotel from 1891 until 1911; while his house was built in 1907, relatively late in his tenure at the hotel, he lived in Madison until his death in 1932. Lougee also managed the Palmer House in Chicago, the New Kimball Hotel in Atlanta, and the University Club in Madison.</p><br>
<p>Lougee hired the prominent Madison architectural firm of Louis W. Claude and Edward F. Starck to design his home. The two architects were partners from 1896 until 1929 and designed both residences and public buildings across Wisconsin and its neighboring states. Claude was a friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, and Wrights Prairie School designs influenced the firms residential work. The Lougee House, which is similar to Wrights B. Harley Bradley House in Kankakee, Illinois, is one of the firms most highly regarded home designs.</p><br>
<p>The two-story house has a stucco exterior, as was common for Prairie School homes, and a gable roof. A cross gable extends forward from the east side of the house, and an attached porch extends along the home&#39;s south side. The entrance, located next to the cross gable, features floral-patterned leaded glass windows. Horizontal wooden bands above and below the windows on both floors and a terrace wall along the east side give the house a horizontal emphasis, a key element of Prairie School architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission in 1977. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Chambersburg Historic District is a national historic district centered on the Memorial Fountain and Square of Chambersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 159 contributing buildings in the central business district and immediately surrounding residential area of Chambersburg. The district has a number of notable examples of Georgian and Italianate style architecture. Notable buildings include the St. Paul United Methodist Church , Professional Arts Building , Cumberland Valley National Bank, Cumberland Valley Railroad Station, First United Brethren Church , firehouse, Presbyterian Church of the Falling Spring , and the Suesserott House. Located in the district and separately listed are the Franklin County Jail, Franklin County Courthouse, John Brown House, Masonic Temple, Townhouse Row, and the Zion Reformed Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Greencastle Historic District is a national historic district located in Greencastle in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 346 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the central business district and immediately surrounding residential area of Greencastle. They date from the late-18th to early-20th century. The district has a number of notable examples of Federal, Classical Revival, and Second Empire style architecture. Notable buildings include the First National Bank , Brendle Building , Antrim House , Hostetter Building , former Pennsylvania Railroad Station , and the L.R. Walck Hatchery . The two sites are the German Reformed cemetery and Lutheran cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine, also known as The Cornish Pump, is a steam-driven pump located at the corner of Kent Street and Kimberly Avenue in Iron Mountain, Michigan. It is still the largest reciprocating steam-driven engine ever built in the United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iron ore was discovered in what is now the Iron Mountain area in 1878. Development was rapid: Iron Mountain was platted in 1879 and the Chapin Mine Company was formed the same year. The Chapin Mine proved to be the most productive in the Menominee Range, and water seepage proved to be an ongoing problem. Ground pumps were used at first, but as the shaft depth increased, so did the problems. In 1889, after a number of accidents, the mining company commissioned a water pump from the E. P. Allis Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (now Allis-Chalmers). The company&#39;s chief engineer, Edwin P. Reynolds designed a "Cornish Pump" similar to those used in tin mines in Cornwall, England.</p><br>
<p>The company constructed the pump in 1890-91, after which it was installed at Chapin Mine&#39;s "D" shaft. The pump engine was installed at the surface near a boiler, to minimize efficiency losses in steam transport and to prevent damage to the engine in case of an emergency shut-off. It was housed in a massive red sandstone pump house, 60 ft high, 36 ft by 42 ft at the base, with a foundation 23 ft thick. The pump itself cost $82,000, and the entire installation cost an estimated $250,000. The pump began operation on January 3, 1893.</p><br>
<p>An underground shift in 1896 misaligned the engine, and further shifts cracked the engine house and the surrounding ground. In 1899 the pumping engine was dismantled and stored away.</p><br>
<p>In the meantime, the Chapin Mining Company had been expanding. In 1894 it acquired the nearby Hamilton and Ludington mines, both of which had been abandoned due to flooding problems. Chapin dewatered the other mines and made underground connections to the Chapin Mine. The Chapin Mining Company was purchased by the Oliver Iron Mining Company, a subsidiary of USA Steel, in 1901. In 1907, Oliver reassembled the pumping engine and moved it to its current location near the site of the Ludington Mine "C" shaft. They constructed a corrugated metal building on a red sandstone foundation to house the pumping engine. The pump served the combined needs of the Chapin, Ludington, and Hamilton mines until 1914, when it was replaced with electric pumps.</p><br>
<p>By the time the Chapin Mine closed in 1932, it had produced over 27 million tons of iron ore, the most in the Menominee Iron Range. but local sentiment saved the pumping engine.</p><br>
<h2>Cornish Pumping Engine and Mining Museum</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the county turned it over to the Menominee Range Historical Foundation, who constructed a museum around it in 1982-83. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. In 1987, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers designated the pump a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The museum housing the pump, known as the Cornish Pumping Engine and Mining Museum, also displays a varied collection of mining equipment used in local iron mines; the museum is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine is a vertical tandem compound steam engine. At its maximum speed of 10 rpm, it produced over 1,200 HP, The entire engine weighs 600 ST. The drive shaft is 24 in in diameter and the high and low pressure steam are 50 in and 100 in in diameter, respectively, both having a stroke of 10 ft.</p><br>
<p>At the Ludington "C" shaft location, the pumping engine was connected via a 7 in diameter shaft The total capacity of the pump system was 3,400 USgal per minute.</p><br>
<p>Although the Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine is popularly known as "The Cornish Pump," it is not actually a Cornish engine, which lacks the rotating parts (connecting rod, crank, and flywheel) seen in the Chapin Engine.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion Hill Historic District encompasses a part of the Mansion Hill neighborhood of Madison, Wisconsin. The district was home to several members of Madison&#39;s upper class during the 19th century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Madison was surveyed in 1836 and incorporated as a village in 1846. The oldest existing houses in the district were built in the 1850s. Of the 161 contributing buildings, 44 were built prior to 1880, a further 78 were built through 1910. Half of the buildings are in the Italianate and Queen Anne styles, 16 other styles are also represented. Several of the buildings in the district are also individually listed on the historic register, including the Old Executive Mansion.</p><br>
<p>From the 1950s to the 1970s, a number of old houses in the district were demolished to make way for new buildings. In response, residents petitioned the city to have the district designated a landmark and protect its history. The district became a city landmark in 1976, officially becoming Madison&#39;s first historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Newens Sanitary Dairy Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It consists of three buildings, the former dairy buildings and the Newens’ family home. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Dairy Plant</h2><br>
<p>The Newens family began the dairy around 1910. Lynn Newens ran the business out of his home on 26th Street. In 1913 the business moved to 2300-2306 University Avenue. Three years later it expanded to 2300-2312. In 1918 the dairy bought the last two lots on University. The Newens’ built a new building in 1922.</p><br>
<p>At the time the dairy was founded developments were being advanced in the dairy industry and cities such as Des Moines started supervising dairy sanitation. In 1910 Des Moines hired their first city milk inspector. Newens Sanitary Dairy communicated their intent to produce a fresh, quality safe product. They also used their family name in the company name to back up the product with an established reputation. Adrian Newens, Lynn&#39;s brother and company president, had been a professor of oratory at nearby Drake University and Iowa State College before starting a successful speaking career. The dairy’s name was shortened to Newens Dairy Co. in the 1920s and to Newens-Northland Co. after it merged with their competitor Northland Dairy and Furnas Ice Cream company in 1929. The business moved from University Avenue in 1935 and the company made one last name change in the 1940s to the Northland Milk Co.</p><br>
<p>The dairy complex comprised a front office, milk processing and bottling area, vehicle storage and a stable for the horses. The stable was on the second floor above the vehicle storage building, which was separate from the rest of the operation. Horses were used to transport the milk until the early 1940s when a stable in a different location was destroyed in a fire that killed 22 horses.</p><br>
<p>Deliveries of dairy products started at midnight. The dairy bought milk from local farmers and in order to deliver it the milk had to be tested, clarified, pasteurized and bottled. The two main reasons the milk was processed was to destroy human pathogens through pasteurization and to maintain product quality. Pasteurization was not required so not all dairies did it because of the added expense. The dairy needed to maintain strict cleanliness of the facility. Newens advertised, “Pasteurized Milk and Cream, Buttermilk and Cottage Cheese" and "You are invited to inspect our plant at any time. We pride ourselves on our cleanliness.”</p><br>
<p>Newens also was part of the Des Moines Milk Dealers Bottle Exchange, Inc. It was a local trade group that washed and returned empty bottles from participating dairies. Lynn Newens probably served as an officer. Once Newens merged with Northland much of the University Avenue plant was left vacant. The bottle exchange was moved into the facility from 1934 to 1947. Newens-Northland retained ownership of the building and rented it to other businesses. It sold the buildings in 1951 to the Biermann family. Harry Biermann operated an electrical shop out of the former dairy’s front office. His sons joined him in the business. Eventually they branched out into electrical engineering and became the Biermann Electric Co. They utilized the former dairy processing area and vehicle storage building, and rented the storefronts and offices to various tenants over the years. Biermann Electric sold the building to 2300 University Avenue L.L.C. in the fall of 2001.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>Lynn Newens and his wife Susan, who worked as the company’s bookkeeper, and their daughter moved into a house to the east of the dairy at 2220 University Avenue around 1913. The 1916 city directory shows the Newenses were living across the street at 2225 University Avenue. It is a large Victorian house on a corner lot. It was on the diagonal from the dairy. Lynn and Susan lived in the house for more than 15 years. After Susan’s death, Lynn moved to his daughter&#39;s house nearby. Carman G. Mount, dairy "plant man", and his family moved into the house and lived there until about 1938. The Newens family continued to own the house until the mid-1940s.</p><br>
<p>The McCoy Farmhouse is a historic house located at 2925 Syene Road in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. The Italianate farmhouse was built in 1861 on an early Wisconsin tobacco house. Microbiologist Elizabeth McCoy lived in the house from 1949 until 1978. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tobacco farm on which the house stands was established after the crop was introduced to the area in 1853. Farmers Ralph Pomeroy and Jacob R. Hiestand, both migrants from Ohio, rented the land from Henry Yager. During the American Civil War, the farm experienced a boom when tobacco from what had become the Confederate States of America became unavailable. Benjamin Brown purchased the farm from Yager in 1861 and built the farmhouse in the same year. As Brown&#39;s land was already prepared for tobacco farming, his farm was more successful than other area farms, and its value increased fivefold by his death in 1874. By this time, Dane County led the state in tobacco production, a status it held through 1911 when the farm ceased its tobacco production.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison microbiologist Elizabeth McCoy moved into the house. McCoy, a full professor at the university, was one of the first prominent female microbiologists. McCoy&#39;s work included bacterial research, studies of the microbiology of water bodies, and penicillin research which led to the discovery of the first commonly-used strain of the drug. McCoy died in 1978 and left her house to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation with the intent that it be preserved.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story Italianate house is built from cream-colored brick which Brown imported from Milwaukee. The front facade features a central entrance and tall windows with stone lintels. A long front porch originally extended along the facade; while it had been replaced by a smaller porch by the time of the houses National Register nomination, another long porch has since been constructed. The houses hip roof is surrounded by a bracketed cornice and topped by a small cupola. A two-story wing extends from the back of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Black Mountains of Utah, USA is a 30 mi long mountain range in the northeast of Iron County. The north ridgeline of the range forms the southeast border of Beaver County.</p><br>
<p>The range borders the northeast portion of the Escalante Desert, and the range&#39;s southeast flank trends with the Hurricane Cliffs and Parowan Valley. In the south section, of a southwest trending ridgeline, is the Parowan Gap Petroglyphs Site. At the terminus of the ridgeline, the pass at the Summit, Utah region, there is the site of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail as it crossed into the northeast of Cedar Valley, the site of Cedar City.</p><br>
<p>Interstate 15 in Utah traverses the southeast region of the range from Cedar City, to Greenville-Beaver.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Black Mountains have a complex shape. It has an east-west ridgeline at the north perimeter with the Beaver River in the west, and Minersville Reservoir in the center; the northeast foothills border the region of Beaver-Greenville, Utah.</p><br>
<p>The highpoint of the range, Mahogany Knoll, is in the northeast on the ridgeline, the line between Iron and Beaver Counties.</p><br>
<p>From the northeast range terminus, a ridgeline extends southwest to Cedar Valley, and borders the northwest of Parowan Valley. The valley is narrow, separated from the northeast-section of the Hurricane Cliffs, and at the southwest terminus of the valley, is the location of Summit, (at the summit region). The Old Spanish National Historic Trail followed the summit, (only 1 mi between Black Mountains and Hurricane Cliffs), and crossed west across the north region of Cedar Valley, at the south terminus of the Black Mountains ridgeline, near Enoch. About 10 mi northeast of Enoch, and 8 mi northwest of Parowan, the mountain ridgeline contains the Parowan Gap Petroglyphs site.</p><br>
<p>The center-(east) of the range is near Chipman Peak, 7,966 ft. The highpoint of the range is Mahogany Knoll, 7,976 ft, at the north ridgeline, east of center.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Utah State Route 21 (SR-21)borders the north of the range following the Beaver River from Minersville Reservoir; at the center-north foothills, SR-21 turns northeast towards Beaver and Greenville.</p><br>
<p>The range is dissected west of center, by the north-south Utah State Route 130 (SR-130), from Minersville at the range&#39;s northwest region, (and the northeast Escalante Desert); SR-130 goes south through Parowan Canyon, and then across an alluvial plains region of Long Hollow, between two southwest-trending ridgelines. The route meets the north of Cedar Valley, and the site of Rush Lake, a dry lake; the valley turns northwest into the Escalante Desert. The route continues to Enoch, and I-15 at Cedar City.</p><br>
<p>At the Black Mountains southeast, I-15 follows the southeast side of Parowan Valley, from Enoch, Summit, then Parowan, then north to Greenville, at the south of Beaver, Utah.</p><br>
<p>The Oaklands Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was a late 19th-century residential area for upper and upper middle class residents of what was then a suburb of North Des Moines. It was also the first naturalistic suburban subdivision in the Des Moines area. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996. It is part of the Towards a Greater Des Moines MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Oaklands represents the real estate boom in North Des Moines in the late 19th century. It was the largest of the city’s Victorian suburbs. Places such as North Des Moines grew in popularity in the decades after the American Civil War as a way of improving housing by developing it away from the congested and the more densely populated inner city. The development of street car lines in the 1880s increased the popularity of these areas as they provided a mode of transportation to the city’s central business district.</p><br>
<p>The residential area was developed by Lowry W. Goode who was Des Moines&#39; most influential real estate developer of that period. He had the area platted in 1884 and a second plat in 1887. He himself lived in The Oaklands at two different addresses. Goode, along with Frank Pelton who was a Des Moines civil engineer, platted the area and created the first naturalistic suburban subdivision. They combined the scenic nature of the area along the Des Moines River and the natural tree canopy with broad streets and large lots in order to attract Des Moines’ elite. Besides his own home, Goode also built speculation houses to encourage movement to the suburb. He suffered from financial losses and legal problems resulting from the Panic of 1893. He moved to another part of the city as a result and he moved from Des Moines in 1896. He later committed suicide in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Oaklands Historic District is made up of 83 buildings, of which 58 are single-family houses and 25 are stables or garages. Thirty-seven houses are contributing properties in the historic district as are 15 of the stables and garages. The street circulation network is considered a contributing structure in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Oaklands includes some the largest and architecturally ambitious residences in North Des Moines that were designed by the city’s leading architectural firms. Housing design and construction can be divided into three eras. The first era in the late 19th century reflected the influences of the Stick, Queen Anne and the Colonial Revival styles. The second era lasted from about 1905 to 1922. It reflected the influence of the American Craftsman, Period Revival and to a lesser extent the Prairie School. The third period began in the years after World War II and is not considered as contributing to the historic nature of the district. The Des Moines architectural firms involved in the district include Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen and C. C. Cross & Company.</p><br>
<p>The Owl&#39;s Head Historic District is a residential area located on the west side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Among its 50 buildings is the former Iowa governor’s mansion. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Owl’s Head was platted in 1888 when the area was part of the town of Greenwood Park. It was annexed by the city of Des Moines in 1890. At the time the subdivision was being developed the city’s railways system was being consolidated, expanded and electrified. One line ran a block north of Owl’s Head on Ingersoll Avenue. This and other factors made Owl’s Head a street car suburb. The other factors included the homogeneity of social class and income, the relatively homogeneous structures and the woody lots. The shingling and half-timber work in the architecture also suggests an attempt to flee the city, at least psychologically, into a rural ideal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Five of Des Moines’ more prominent architectural firms contributed structures to the district:Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson, Sawyer and Watrous, Kraetsch and Kraetsch, and C.C. Cross. While a variety of styles exist in the district there are certain generalizations that can be made about the structures. The houses are fairly large and are two to two and a half stories tall. They appear larger as they are situated on fairly small lots, which is consistent with areas near the streetcar lines. The roof ridge is generally parallel to the front of the house. Gables and dormers are prominent architectural features. The houses also tend to have a combination of more than one exterior surface materials such as brick and stucco, clapboard and shingling or brick and shingling. A large percentage of the houses in the district were built in a rather narrow time span between 1905 and 1915. The styles employed are generally historicist in detail and contemporary in mass and scale.</p><br>
<h2>Former Iowa Governor’s Mansion</h2><br>
<p>The house at 2900 Grand Avenue served as the Iowa governor’s mansion from 1944 to 1976. It was built in 1905 for W.W. Witmer. The house was designed in the Palladian Georgian Revival style. The brick structure features a five-bay front with a central Palladian window on the second floor. A central pavilion that is framed by fluted Ionic pilasters protrudes from the house. Pilasters also adorn the corners of the main block and a full entablature is returned over the pilasters and defines the pavilion. A gabled dormer is centered over each side bay. The windows have a "Gothick" character and the first-floor widows feature Swans-neck pediments. The interior follows a central hall design. After it served as the governor’s mansion the house became office space for the Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union.</p><br>
<p>Beaver Valley is a 16 mi long small valley located in eastern Beaver County, Utah, United States. The valley is nestled between three mountain ranges, with the Mineral Mountains at its western border, but also an outlying peak section on the mountain range northeast, forming the northern border of the valley.</p><br>
<p>Beaver Valley is the location of the county seat of Beaver, and from the mountains numerous creeks, streams, and the Beaver River converge. In the valley&#39;s southwest, Minersville Reservoir is the downstream region of the valley. From the west end of the reservoir, the Beaver River goes west past Minersville into the northeast of the Escalante Desert, and towards Sevier Lake (north).</p><br>
<h2>Valley description</h2><br>
<p>The valley is mostly a north trending valley. In the north the small mountains at the northeast of the Mineral Mountains divide the valley into a northwest section, and a northeast section, (the route of Interstate 15 to Sulphurdale).</p><br>
<p>In the valley&#39;s center and south, the widest section is about 12-mi wide. The south end of the valley borders an east-west stretch of the Black Mountains, at its northeast terminus region; I-15 traverses southwest past the mountain range, and into the northeast of Parowan Valley. Also, the south end of the valley has the location of Greenville, Utah, located on the Greenville Bench, along the east-west mountain foothills.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Interstate 15 traverses the center sections of the valley, north-south. Northbound I-15 heads toward Sulphurdale, about 23 mi distant. Southbound I-15 turns southwest into the Parowan Valley to meet Parowan. SR-21 from Minersville, enters the valley&#39;s southwest, traverses the southwest of the Minersville Reservoir, and ends at Beaver. From Beaver, Utah State Route 153 transits eastward, and enters the Tushar Mountains through Beaver Canyon, and traverses the center-south of the Tushar range.</p><br>
<p>The Oregon Water Tower and Pump House is located in Oregon, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The water tower and pump house were built in 1899 after concerns were raised in Oregon about fire protection and water supply. In 1921, the wooden tank on the tower was replaced with a metal one. The water tower was drained and removed from service in 1981. The pump house and water tower were designated cultural landmarks by the village board after that. In 2007, both were listed on the state and national registers of historic places. The chairman of the Oregon Historic Preservation Commission, described the tower structure as iconic and representative of downtown Oregon and small-town America in general. The New York Times reported in 2009 that other small towns in the United States were also seeking to preserve ordinary, utilitarian structures, describing them as "the things that represent ordinary people and workers."</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The water tower is a 100 ft tall and has 4 steel trestle legs supporting an all steel water tank. It is described as a "classic tin man" style, which was once a common form of water tank design introduced in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The pump house is a two-room, brick, utilitarian structure which once contained a water pump and gasoline engine that ran the pump.</p><br>
<p>Punta Sommeiller  or Pointe Sommeiller  is a mountain of the Province of Turin, Italy and of Savoie, France. It lies in the Cottian Alps range. It has an elevation of 3,333 metres above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The old name of the mountain was Rognosa di Galambra, which derived from the secondary valley of Galambra (a tributary of Dora Riparia). It was then renamed by the geologist Martino Baretti, author of the first documented ascent to the summit, in order to avoid confusions with two neighboring "Rognosa"s, Rognosa d&#39;Etiache and Rognosa del Sestriere. The new name was chosen to honour Germain Sommeiller, the civil engineer which directed the construction of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Savoy and Piedmont.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>In the French subdivision of western Alps it belongs to the Massif du Mont-Cenis while in the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) it is part of the mountain group called "gruppo dAmbin" (Italian) or "groupe dAmbin" (French).</p><br>
<p>Administratively the mountain is divided between the Italian comunes of Bardonecchia (SW face) and Exilles (SE face) and the French commune of Bramans (N face).</p><br>
<p>A geodetic point of the Italian Military Geographic Institute is defined on the top of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>The easiest route for the summit starts from passo Settentrionale dei Fourneaux (3,159 m, which connects Exilles and Bardonecchia), then follows the south ridge of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain huts</h2><br>
<p>Rifugio Scarfiotti (2,165 m - Bardonecchia)</p><br>
<p>Rifugio Levi Molinari (1,850 m - Exilles)</p><br>
<p>Bivacco Sigot (2,910 m - Exilles)</p><br>
<p>Refuge d&#39;Ambin (2,270 m - Bramans)</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is a Neogothic-styled church built in 1901 in the small farming community of Ashton, Wisconsin in the town of Springfield, Dane County, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The first settler in the area around St. Peter&#39;s arrived in 1848, from Bavaria. In subsequent years, more immigrants arrived from Cologne and Alsace-Lorraine. Many of these people were German Catholics, and they established a local parish, constructing their first church building in 1861. In 1867 they added a Catholic school.</p><br>
<p>By 1901 the parish needed a new church building. Anton Dohman of Milwaukee designed the current building and J.H. Owens of Mazomanie contracted the masonry work. The walls are built of coursed limestone quarried from local farms. The front doors are at the base of a tall centered steeple. Above the door is a rose window, then three lancet windows, then a louvered belfry, then an octagonal spire, then a cross. Small apses project from the sides and a large apse from the back. Limestone buttresses divide the wall surfaces. The main roof is still covered by its original slate shingles.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the nave contains two rows of oak pews, leading to the pinnacled altar in the apse on the south end. In the spandrels above the altar is a mural depicting Christ and his disciples. To the sides are a carved wood pulpit and lecterns. One side apse contains a baptistery and the other a grotto.</p><br>
<p>The complex includes a two-story brick school/convent and a Queen Anne-styled rectory built in 1906, but neither building is included in the NRHP nomination.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s school, built in 1867, was the only school in Ashton until a public school opened in 1920. Today the church building remains the prominent building in the small community, and the steeple is visible for miles over the surrounding farmlands.</p><br>
<p>The Frank E. Schoonover Studios in Wilmington, Delaware comprise a historic building that was used by the students of illustrator Howard Pyle, including the original tenants Frank Schoonover, N.C. Wyeth, Harvey Dunn, and Clifford Ashley. Philanthropist and art collector Samuel Bancroft paid for the building which was designed by the prominent local architect Capt. E.L. Rice, Jr. and built in 1905 in a simplified Queen Anne or Shavian Manorial style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Schoonover remained in his studio, Number 1, until the end of his career, but the other original tenants moved out within ten years. Other artists moved in but Schoonover eventually became the sole owner of the property. After his death in 1972, a group of artists restored the building.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Leaton State Historic Site is located on Farm to Market Road 170, in Presidio County in the USA state of Texas. The original adobe structure was a private residence dating back to the early 19th century. It was purchased in 1848 by Benjamin Leaton, who adapted it as a fortress. Fort Leaton was the Presidio County original seat of government. Through murders, financial difficulties and abandonment, the structure changed hands numerous times. In 1967, it was deeded to the state of Texas and opened to the public in 1978 as a Texas State Historic Site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Presidio County, Texas on June 18, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort Leaton is believed to have been built as an adobe residence in the 1830s by Juan Bustillos. In 1848, it was acquired by Benjamin Leaton, who lived in the structure and also used it as his trading post and fortress.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Leaton was a trader, freight hauler along the Chihuahua Trail, and a bounty hunter paid by various local governments in Mexico for each scalp taken from an indigenous person. He also traded munitions to the Apache and Comanche for any stolen cattle they brought him. When Presidio County was established in 1850, Fort Leaton was its first seat of government. Leaton died in 1851, and his widow married Edward Hall who continued operating the freight business from the fort. Hall became financially indebted to Leatons scalp hunting partner John Burgess. Hall defaulted on his debt to Burgess in 1864, and was murdered. Burgess took over the fort, and was in turn murdered by Leatons son in 1875. The Burgess family remained in the fort until they abandoned it in 1926. The fort was purchased by Marfa State Bank and a private citizen in the 1930s and donated to Presidio County. An attempt at restoration was begun, but adequate financing never materialized. The site was then purchased by a private citizen and donated to the state of Texas. In 1968, the site was designated Fort Leaton State Historic Site. It opened to the public in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Fort Leaton was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Presidio County, Texas on June 18, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Fort Leaton State Historic Site is on Farm to Market Road 170, 5 mi southeast of Presidio, Texas.</p><br>
<p>The site contains historic ruins, nature trails, and exhibits. There is a picnic area and public restrooms. The Texas State Park Store gift shop is located on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The Barton Warnock Environmental Education Center serves as the visitor center for both Ft. Leaton State Historic Site and Big Bend Ranch State Park.</p><br>
<p>Wireless Internet Access (Wi-Fi) is available in some areas of this site.</p><br>
<h2>Hours, admission</h2><br>
<p>Fort Leaton is open 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 7 days a week, but closed on Christmas Day.</p><br>
<p>Entrance fee applies. Special event rental fees by prior arrangement. Guided tours are available for an additional fee. Group tours need to be coordinated in advance with the Park.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Chapel is a historic chapel located in Sacred Heart Cemetery in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The chapel was used by the German Catholic congregation of Sacred Heart Parish. The Gothic Revival structure was built in 1896 by parishoner Joseph Bemish. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Parish, Eau Claires German-speaking Catholic congregation, formed in 1875, when it split off from St. Patricks Church. Parishoner Joseph Bemish built St. Josephs Chapel in the churchs cemetery in 1896; the chapel memorialized Joseph Boehm, the parishs pastor who had died three years earlier. Boehm, his successor John Metzler, and pastor Paul Geyer were buried in the chapels basement, though their bodies were later moved to the cemetery. The chapel held occasional masses until 1943, after which it sat unused for several decades. In 1982, the congregation renovated the chapel and converted it to house maintenance equipment for the cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is a one-room red brick structure with a Gothic Revival design. A tower rises above the churchs front entrance; it features arched openings on each side and a cross at its peak. Arched stained glass windows flank the entrance and run along the sides of the building; a transom window above the entrance doorway matches the shape of these windows. A quatrefoil stained glass window is situated atop the arch of the transom. The chapels interior features a carved wooden relief at the altar and a hand-painted ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The Halle Steensland House  is a historic house located at 315 North Carroll Street in Madison, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 1982.It is locally significant as one of the finest brick Queen Anne houses in Madison.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Queen Anne style house is a three-story structure constructed of wood frame with red brick veneer and stone trim, in a very eclectic adaptation of the style. It was designed by local architectural firm Gordon and Paunack, and was built in 1896 for Norwegian immigrant Halle Steensland. Steenland came to Madison in 1855, and later served as a USA Vice Consul in Sweden and Norway. On May 20, 1974, it was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission.</p><br>
<p>The house has been owned by the Bethel Lutheran Church since 1958, when it became the Bethel Parish Shoppe. In 2015, they moved the house, from its location facing North Carroll Street, approximately 200 feet to a location in the same block but facing West Gorham Street. The church is planning to renovate the house for use as student housing.</p><br>
<p>Dingestow Court, at Dingestow, Monmouthshire, Wales, is a Victorian country house with earlier origins and later additions. The architectural historian John Newman describes it as "one of the county&#39;s major houses" and Cadw notes its "entertaining confection of styles". The court is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The court has an "unusually complicated building history". Its earliest origins are recorded by the Monmouthshire antiquarian Sir Joseph Bradney as being a manor owned by John ap James, a descendant of Sir Guyan le Grand, "a Norman adventurer who came into Wales at the conquest of Glamorgan". The James family, later Jones, constructed the precursor to the present building in the early sixteenth-century. Part of the gatehouse range of this building survives. The Joneses continued to occupy the court until the deaths in 1789 of Richard Jones, known as "Happy Dick" on account of his "liberality and geniality", and, a few years later, of the last heiress, Mary, who died "a nun at Ghent".</p><br>
<p>The estate was then bought, and the main house rebuilt by James Duberley. Bradney records that Duberley (whom he dubs Duberly) was the son of a tailor from Monmouth and "amassed a large fortune" as a supplier of clothing to the Army.</p><br>
<p>In 1801, the estate was acquired by Samuel Bosanquet of Essex. Bradney records that the Bosanquets were French Huguenots who had come to England following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and established themselves as successful bankers. In the mid-nineteenth century, Sir John Bosanquet commissioned Lewis Vulliamy to extend and restore the house. This enlargement was followed, some twenty years later, with limited further additions, although much more extensive plans, by John Prichard and John Pollard Seddon, prepared for Sir John&#39;s son, another Samuel. An east wing and interior re-modelling were undertaken, with the kitchen wing being added in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Dingestow was for a century and a half the home of Brut Dingestow a thirteenth century Welsh version of Geoffrey of Monmouth&#39;s Historia Regum Britanniae, currently deposited at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth.</p><br>
<p>The court remains the private home of the Bosanquets and is not open to the public, although the grounds are occasionally opened for charitable events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and description</h2><br>
<p>The varied building history of the court is reflected in its rather disjointed appearance and its "entertaining confection of styles (such as would have warmed the heart of Osbert Lancaster)". Despite this, John Newman still considers it one of Monmouthshires most important country houses. Vulliamys south front is a near copy of that of the mansion of Franks Hall, Horton Kirby, Kent, in a Tudorbethan style. Prichard and Seddons ambitious plans for Sir Johns son, Samuel, came to little, beyond a south-west extension and the stable court. The west front includes the original sixteenth-century gatehouse.</p><br>
<p>The interior is little more co-ordinated but contains some "significant" nineteenth century rooms. These include the hall, remodelled by Richard Creed in 1888, and the drawing room/library undertaken by Vulliamy in a Jacobethan taste. The dining room is another exercise in historical revivalism, this time with a "Tudor-style" ceiling copied from one in the Queens Head, Monmouth.</p><br>
<p>The grounds were laid out by Edward Milner in the nineteenth century. They are a largely complete example of a nineteenth-century park. Bradney describes the pre-Milner gardens as comprising "meadows of considerable extent" which led to a large lake, and records that, during the English Civil War soldiers drained the lake, removing "fish to the value of 50 shillings".</p><br>
<p>Koseze Pond , Martinek Pond  or Lake Koseze  is an artificial pond at the edge of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, between Šiška Hill to the west and the neighborhood of Mostec to the east. It is part of the Tivoli–Rožnik Hill–Šiška Hill Landscape Park and is named after the nearby Koseze neighborhood in Ljubljana&#39;s Šiška District. Near Koseze Pond, the Path of Remembrance and Comradeship touches Tivoli–Rožnik Hill–Šiška Hill Landscape Park.</p><br>
<p>The pond has an area of 3.8 hectare and a maximum depth of 2 -. It is fed by Mostec Creek. It was created after a former clay pit at the site, which supplied the brickworks operated by (1814–1886), was closed. The pit was then overgrown by grass, but the Agrostroj company later flooded the area to test irrigation pumps.</p><br>
<p>Koseze Pond is now used as a recreation area by local residents. In the summer it is used for racing radio-controlled model boats and fishing. Swimming is prohibited due to the poor quality of the water, which is also contaminated by cyanobacteria. In the winter it is used for skating. Koseze Pond is a natural habitat for the edible frog, migrant hawker, common bulrush, and common reed.</p><br>
<p>Loch Eilt is a freshwater loch in Lochaber, in the West Highlands of Scotland. It is between the villages of Glenfinnan and Lochailort, 30 km west of Fort William. The A830 road runs along the north shore, while the West Highland Line railway follows the south shore.</p><br>
<p>Loch Eilt separates the traditional districts of Morar, to the north, and Moidart, to the south. The loch has a number of small islands, including Eilean Mòr, Eilean an Tighe, Eilean Gaineamhach, Eilean nan Corra-ghriodhach and Eilean na Mòine.</p><br>
<p>Loch Eilt has been used as a location in several films. These include Local Hero (1980), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010). The famous island used for Harry Potter in Loch Eilt, is called Eilean na Moine. It is used as Dumbledore&#39;s grave, which was later, digitally placed on Loch Arkaig.</p><br>
<p>The University Presbyterian Church and Student Center, nicknamed Pres House, is a historic church on State Street in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Designed by a local architect in 1931, it was completed four years later in a Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1848, Wisconsin became a state, Madison was named its capital, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison was founded. In 1901, Rev. James Beveridge Lee of Milwaukees Immanuel Presbyterian Church and Rev. Barton B. Bigler of Madisons Christ Church petitioned the state Synod to provide a minister for Presbyterian students at the university. The Synod responded by founding the Presbyterian Student Union. When Rev. George Hunt succeeded Bigler in 1904, he further petitioned the Synod to send a pastor to minister to the students. This was authorized the following year with the transfer of Rev. Matthew C. Allison from Indiana University in Bloomington.</p><br>
<p>The Student Union was originally located in Christ Church, 1 mi away from campus. This distance discourage students from attending regular services. Allison and Hunt proposed a new building at a meeting of the Presbyterian Assembly. At a national conference in 1916, the Assembly approved a union building near campus. However, the American involvement in World War I stymied fundraising efforts. When the war ended Allison identified a property near campus and purchased it on February 11, 1920. Allison led a remodeling effort to transform the former Fitch House into a chapel and clubhouse, with a residence for Allison on the second floor. Three other houses on the property were rented out, raising money for the mission.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1920s, the "Pres House" was too small to accommodate the growing student body. In 1929, Allison began a fundraising effort for a new clubhouse. Local architect Edward Tough was commissioned with its design and J. H. Findorff & Son was hired as contractor. Construction began in August 1931 for a cost of $112,561. However, following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the church could not afford this cost. Parts of the building were left unfinished. Allison died, probably from complications of a stroke, on July 25, 1935. His funeral in the unfinished building reignited interest in its completion. Donations from a Mrs. Nishan and the Board of Trustees of Carroll College permitted the completion of the project.</p><br>
<p>The completed Pres House featured student lounges on each floor, several sleeping rooms on the second floor, and a basement with a stage and pastor&#39;s apartment. Pres House provided housing, employment, and inexpensive food to students during the Depression. In 1962, the church became part of the newly formed Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship. By 1969, attendance had dropped so much that the congregation voted to dissolve. The next year, it merged with three other student ministries to form the Madison Campus Ministry.</p><br>
<p>Madison Campus Ministry (MCM) operated within Pres House until the late 1990s. During this time a student run coffee shop called the Catacombs was established and a wide variety of programming was provided. Numerous other student groups made their home in the building for office space and meeting space. In 1999 the Synod of Lakes and Prairies considered selling the property but local leaders and Madison area churches insisted the prime location and rich history was too valuable to part with. The Presbyterian Student Center Board of Directors sought to develop a new model for programming and funding that would take Pres House into the next phase of history. Pres House and MCM parted ways and moved into new phases of ministry separately.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 the Pres House Board hired new Co-Pastor Directors, Rev. Mark Elsdon and Rev. Erica Liu. Together with the board, alumni, donors, and community leaders they re-built the student church community and re-developed the parking lot behind Pres House. In 2007 the parking lot was turned into a $17 million, 7-story apartment building called the Pres House Apartments which is home to approximately 250 students. That same year the Pres House Chapel and Student Center underwent a major restoration and renovation.</p><br>
<p>The historic chapel building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Prospect Park Second Plat Historic District is located in the north-central section of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The residential area contained middle to upper class housing that was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the suburb of North Des Moines. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998. It is part of the Towards a Greater Des Moines MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first section of this historic district is known as Official Plat of Government Lot 2 and it was laid out in 1886. Prospect Park Second Plat was laid out the following year and it was corrected in 1888. The final section, Glen Baily Plat, was laid out in 1922. The period of historical significance ends in 1937 when Hickman Road was cut through to Sixth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>There are three distinct sections in the historic district. The area north of Hickman Road along the Des Moines River contains larger lots that offer panoramic views of the river valley below. This is where the upper-income residents lived. The area south of Hickman Road between Seventh and Ninth Streets contained more modest sized lots without river views. The street car line on Sixth Avenue encouraged development in the years prior to the large-scale use of the automobile. Initially, the area along Sixth Street was developed into single-family homes. Glen Baily redeveloped it as rental properties when he built a complex of seven apartment buildings in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The district is also associated with several real estate practices that significantly influenced the development of North Des Moines during this time period. These practices include the introduction of residential parks as a new kind of residential area; subdividing large tracts of land for piece-meal development; the rise of real estate companies to finance large ventures; and new marketing techniques.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The middle- and upper-middle class houses in the district provide a variety of different architectural styles that were popular in Des Moines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Several houses in the district were featured in local publications during this time period and may have helped in popularizing the various styles. Several Des Moines architects, including Norman T. Vorse, Kraetsch & Kraetsch and Hallett & Rawson, had designed houses that were built in the district. Most of these houses are the larger residences north of Hickman Road along the river. Landscape architecture was another element of the development of the Prospect Park Second Plat. It contains the characteristics of the residential park-natural terrain, parkland, curvilinear streets and parkway-like amenities. It provides a transition between the traditionally laid out city block in the south and the irregular streets on the north side.</p><br>
<p>The Queen Anne style was prominent in the early development of Prospect Park Second Plat. They are found along Franklin Avenue from the Des Moines River to the southern border of the district. The Colonial Revival style developed soon after. Several examples of this style are found in the more modest sized houses along Ninth Street. A larger and more upscale version of this style is found at 1908 Seventh Street. There are also several examples of the American Four Square style. They are found throughout the southern part of the historic district. The American Craftsman style is found in both large and small houses. The larger examples were built north of Hickman Road. The smaller houses are located along the north-south streets.</p><br>
<p>A couple of architectural styles have only one example in the district. The F. A. Kern House at 717 Franklin Avenue is an example of the Prairie School style. There is another house of the same style and on the same street, but located in The Oaklands Historic District. There is also a single example of the Mission Revival style on Seventh Street.</p><br>
<p>The Riverview Park Plat Historic District is located in the north-central section of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1886 the Riverview Park Company bought two tracts of land from Wesley and Anne Redhead, who had owned the property for a number of years as an investment. The purchase price was $12,500. There was a great deal of real estate development in Des Moines at this time. However, their expectations were greater than the market. While the lots were expensive, the eight lots on the north side with their panoramic vistas of the Des Moines River sold quickly. The lots south of Arlington Avenue sold more slowly. In 1891 lot 13 was further divided into three lots and was named Jackson’s Subdivision. Two years later lots 9 and 10 were subdivided into 13 lots and renamed Arlington Place.</p><br>
<p>Riverview Park Plat was intended to be an upscale development. Lot owners who wanted to sell their property were required to offer the lots, or their shares of stock in the company, to those who had already invested in the development. If no one made an offer then the lot owner could place the property on the open market. Riverview Park is the earliest known example of a restrictive residential covenant in Des Moines.</p><br>
<p>Large houses were in fact built in the upper and upper-middle-class neighborhood. Until the 1960s only a few of the houses had been converted from single family to multi-family dwellings. As the homes continued to age they also deteriorated and more were converted into multi-family housing. In the 1980s the neighborhood was classified as slum-blight by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Riverview Park Plat Historic District includes some of the largest architecturally ambitious houses in Des Moines at that time. The Queen Anne and Colonial Revival were the predominant architectural styles employed. There were also examples of eclectic architecture that combined the Colonial Revival, American Four Square, Tudor Revival and American Craftsman styles. Several of Des Moines’ architectural firms Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, Wetherell and Gage, C. C. Cross & Company and Hallett and Rawson, had their designs built in Riverview</p><br>
<p>Riverview Park Plat was one of several naturalistic suburban subdivisions that were developed in Des Moines during the 1880s. Frank Pelton, civil engineer of Des Moines, laid out the plat. Its focus is the curve of the Des Moines River. Arlington Avenue follows a curvilinear course that parallels the river. It also contained an island park, which no longer exists. The street&#39;s width also adds to the park-like nature of the area. It is 75 ft wide while most of Des Moines’ streets at the time were 50 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>The Wisconsin Wagon Company Factory is a historic factory building located at 602 Railroad Street in Madison, Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Wagon Company built the factory building in 1903 to construct horse-drawn wagons and carriages. The company transitioned the building to an auto factory in 1917 and continued to use it until 1957. The building is a well-preserved example of a textile mill industrial loft, a popular factory style in many industries around the turn of the century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wisconsin Wagon Company formed in 1883 and purchased the factory site the same year; the site originally consisted of a stone manufacturing building and a warehouse. In 1903, the company built the present factory building, which replaced the warehouse and supplemented the stone manufacturing building. An addition was placed on the building in 1911, allowing the company to conduct all of its operations in one building, and the stone building was demolished. The company made horse-drawn wagons and carriages in the building until 1917, when it became an automobile company and converted its factory accordingly. It subsequently changed its name to the Hansen Auto Body Company, and it continued to use the factory until it moved to a new building in 1957. Automatic Temperature Supplies, a refrigeration and HVAC company, purchased the building and used it as a warehouse until 1974; its current occupant, Madison Gas & Electric, bought the property in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2002. It was also designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The factory is a textile mill industrial loft, a type of industrial building common between 1885 and 1930. Industrial lofts had a long, narrow plan which maximized ventilation and natural light on the factory floor. The factory, like most industrial lofts, has a timber frame skeleton designed to efficiently bear weight; the frame was later reinforced with steel. The textile mill subtype, which spread beyond textiles to other heavy manufacturing industries, focused on fire prevention and reducing the effects of vibrating machinery; in the factory, this can be seen in the exposed walls and beams and the adjacent staircase and elevator. While most industrial lofts were utilitarian in design, the factory has some stylistic features; pilasters and an entablature frame the entrance, and the parapet atop the building has fortress-like projections at the corners.</p><br>
<p>Tivoli Pond ) is a man-made pond at the southwestern end of Tivoli City Park in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It was created in 1880. It is part of Tivoli–Rožnik Hill–Šiška Hill Landscape Park and has been used for recreation, fishing, and as a flood-control reservoir. The pond is administered by the Barje Fishing Club. It has been home to a variety of native and non-native animal species and it has served as a theme and a scene for visual artists and musicians.</p><br>
<h2>Location and arrangement</h2><br>
<p>Tivoli Pond is located in the circular plateau of the CR 3/1 (part) Tivoli arrangement area. The area is situated in the southwestern part of Tivoli Park in the immediate vicinity of the Cekin Mansion, along an avenue that was planted in the 1860s. On the western bank of the pond, there are two wooden peninsulas, frequently occupied by young people. A cafe operates at the northwestern end of the pond, in a half-wooden half-concrete building of a former changing-area. There is a small bronze plastic next to the middle of the western bank of the pond, named Ribe ("Fish"). It is a depiction of two vertically standing fish, created by the expressionist sculptor France Kralj in 1935 and put in the pond in 1994. At the northern end of the pond stands a drinking fountain. Access to water is prevented by trees of the species such as the alder, the willow, the hornbeam, and shrubs. In the vicinity, a staircase leads towards Tivoli Castle. On the steep eastern bank right next to the water grows the hornbeam, preventing erosion. On its upper edge, a wooden fence stands and a barberry hedge has been planted. Besides it, there is a footpath. Next to it, a children&#39;s playground has been arranged. On the southern bank, there are a concrete bank, two wooden peninsulas, marsh plants and climbers, a wooden fence and a paved lookout plateau behind it. There are also some shrub species.</p><br>
<h2>Technical characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The pond is shaped like a rectangle and it is shallow with a small volume. It has a clay bottom. In 2007, it was about 140 m long, about 50 m wide, had a depth of 0.5 to 1.3 m, a surface area of 6,600 m&sup2, and a volume of 5,000 –. In 2011, it was thoroughly renovated and deepened by half a metre.</p><br>
<h3>Water circulation</h3><br>
<p>There are three inflows to the pond. The biggest and the most constant is the inflow at the northwestern corner of the pond. It supplies the pond with the water from the southwestern part of Šiška Hill and from a forebay on Rožnik Hill. It appeared for the first time during World War II. The second inflow is a forest creek that flows in the pond near its northeastern corner. Both are installed through a sewer. The third inflow is a forest creek on the northern side of the pond. It is regulated and arranged as a park. In addition, the pond receives surface runoff from the playground, the trails, and the depressions around it. To achieve partial circulation of the water, inflow to the centre of the pond was arranged at its northern side in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The water of the pond originates from the eastern slopes of Šiška Hill, covered with mixed forest, and from the park areas to the west of the pond, comprising grass and sandy trails. The total catchment area of the pond measures 13.51 m&sup2; and is entirely located in Tivoli–Rožnik Hill–Šiška Hill Landscape Park. Forest covers 10.11 hectare of the catchment area. The average yearly inflow to the pond measures 68,000 m&sup3; and depends on annual precipitation. During storms, it significantly increases.</p><br>
<p>Until 2011, the major outflow from the pond was an overfall in the extreme southern corner of the pond. It was covered with a grate and was installed in a relatively low position. Additionally, the outflow was regulated by the Ljubljana Water Works and Sewerage (VO-KA) company with a floodgate, operated from a case near the statue of Kocbek near its southern side. In 2011, an outflow was made at the southern side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Before World War II</h3><br>
<p>A pond already existed in Tivoli since 1703. It was made on a private initiative and was situated in the immediate vicinity of the Podturn Mansion. At the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th century, it was filled up. However, it was a model for similar ponds in gardens of other residents of Ljubljana and its vicinity.</p><br>
<p>The current pond was dug in 1880 on the order of the Ljubljana City Council as a fire-fighting water reservoir for a fire brigade from the neighbourhood of Rožna Dolina. It was used for boating and ice skating. all of them constructed in a Vienna Secession style. It also arranged the surroundings, among other things it planted seven trees at the upper part of the pond, as evident from postcards and photos from around 1900.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, in the era of intense German–Slovene cultural struggles, the council revoked the club&#39;s management rights due to its disregard for Slovene in public communication. The decree was passed on 17 January 1906 and became valid on 4 February 1906. It offered the management to the Slovene Sokol Society, which turned the offer down. The council continued to manage the facility itself, with the rationale that it was in the general interest of the city to preserve ice skating in Ljubljana as a popular and healthy sport, present in almost every larger city of the time, and that the citizens of Ljubljana would have difficult time missing it. The municipality renovated the pavilions and built the boathouse (čolnarna). Until World War I, it was operated with a skating board, and then for some years without it.</p><br>
<p>The skating on the pond in the 19th century and the 20th century until World War I and in the mid-war period was organised and payable. The season ticket, often given as a present to children for St. Nicholas, cost 6 krone, which was quite expensive at the time. Visitors skated in the same clothing they wore on the streets: women wore hats and long dresses, whereas men most often wore knickers. There were banks and wooden chairs put on the pond, used by newbies as a help to learn skating, and by men to drive their ladies across the pond. The ice had to be prepared by polishing and swept. Because the income did not cover the costs, the council abolished skating.</p><br>
<p>The changing-area structure, called Čolnarna (boathouse), It was originally property of Franz Joseph I of Austria and stood in Opatija (now Croatia). After it had been transferred to Ljubljana, it stood on the western side of the upper end of the pond, and was used by skaters. After the golden era of skating ended, it was meant to house a museum, however this was never realised. At first, the physician and scientist Alfred Šerko (1879–1938) had his laboratory there, experimenting with snakes and other lizards. Then, the sculptor Ivan Zajec (1869–1952) had a provisional studio there, with piles of books and clay. At last, it was used as a provisional greenhouse for less sensitive plants by the city garden centre. It was also a meeting place of pensioners. At the end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s, an inn operated there, with tenants changing every year, because it was unprofitable. It was then closed, with brief periods of activity even after World War II. Čolnarna was pulled down in the beginning of the 1990s and a new building was constructed at its place.</p><br>
<p>The boating on the pond was of lesser importance. In 1926, there were six boats available, and less afterwards. At first, the boats were well maintained and elegant, but due to the lack of financial assets, they became damaged over time. The boats were watched over by a watchman who unlocked them in the morning and locked them in the evening. Nonetheless, often the vandals drilled a hole in a boat or two at night, so that they sank.</p><br>
<p>Nonetheless, although initially deemed a very romantic place and highly valued by residents of Ljubljana, the pond became abandoned over time.</p><br>
<h3>From World War II until 1991</h3><br>
<p>Until 1941, the pond was situated at the foot of a large slope, because the ground constantly raised from the railway towards Tivoli Castle. An avenue, starting at Museum Street (Muzejska ulica), then called Nun Street (Nunska ulica), ran there.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the pond was used for boating. There were fish, ducks and swans in the pond. On 28 July 1963, the 10th Republic Sports Fishing Championship took place in Tivoli Pond. 43 fishermen participated. It was won by fishermen from Novo Mesto. The pond was well stocked with small fish and large carp at the time. In the 1980/81 winter, it was cleaned and renovated. In 1984, it was protected as part of Tivoli Park, a horticultural monument in the newly established Tivoli–Rožnik Hill–Šiška Hill Landscape Park. It was administered by the Ljubljana Fishing Club.</p><br>
<h3>1991 and afterwards</h3><br>
<p>In 1991, after Slovenia had become an independent country, the mayor of Ljubljana and a specialist in arrangement of gardens and parks Jože Strgar announced a competition for the arrangement of the pond and its environment. The conditions that had to be respected were the preservation of the pond, the preservation of the original plan from the 1940s, when the area was arranged by Boris Kobe, and the reconstruction of Čolnarna. The competition was won by the landscape architects Dušan Ogrin and Davor Gazvoda, and the architect Aleš Vodopivec. when Ljubljana celebrated the 850th anniversary of its first mention in written sources. The playground was redesigned as well and new equipment was added to it.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the pond was renovated again as compensation for the removal of a protected purple beech (Fagus sylvatica Purpurea Group) next to the Opera House in Ljubljana. The renovation plan was criticised by the art critic Aleksander Bassin and by Gazvoda, as they were concerned that due to reeds being planted the area would diminish by one third, that the flow would diminish, that the renovation would endanger aquatic animals, and that it was not in accordance with the original purpose of the pond. After the works were finished, Tadej Jeršič, the overseer, said that the pond had been deepened for half a meter. 1,500 m&sup3; of silt had been removed from the bottom and water lilies were planted there. To prevent the western shore from being washed away, it was protected with wooden pilots and geotextile in a length of 86 m. In addition, two wooden staircases allowing access to water were built. On the eastern side, a shoal was formed from the excavated material and reeds were planted there to filter the water. On the southern side, two wooden peninsulas were created, marsh plants and climbers were planted, and an outflow was created. Partial circulation of water was established. The renovation was realised in compliance with the Water Framework Directive.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>In the past, Tivoli Pond was a living place of numerous native fish, like the Danube roach (Rutilus pigus), the tench (Tinca tinca), the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), the zander (Sander lucioperca), the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), to the European crayfish (Astacus astacus), to amphibians such as the European tree frog (Hyla arborea), to birds such as the black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), the common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), and the little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus). The ecosystem was severely hurt by several renovations and the introduction of non-native fish species by fishing clubs as well as by individual visitors. In addition, the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) and other pet turtles have been introduced, ousting the native European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis).</p><br>
<p>After the last renovation in 2011, the pond has again become home to non-native as well as native species. The non-native species and aquarium fish are the most common and an unwanted competitor to native ones. Among the native species, the pond is home to bats, ducks, and frogs. The common moorhen has been spotted too.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural significance</h2><br>
<p>The pond has been depicted on postcards at least since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1991, the painter Žiga Okorn and the sculptor Jiři Kočica installed their artworks on the banks of Tivoli Pond, emphasising the intertwining of nature and civilisation in a comprehensive cultural frame, and even took visitors on a boat ride. In the mid-1990s, the pond was depicted on the tarock XV card of the Slovene Tarock. The depiction was based on a study led by the ethnologist Janez Bogataj, and the card was drawn by the academy-trained painter and illustrator Matjaž Schmidt.</p><br>
<p>In music, Tivoli Pond was the basis for the Tivoli Pond barcarole, part of the mood-inspired Water-Colours of Ljubljana suite for string orchestra, written by Emil Adamič in 1925. In November 1998, it was arranged as a ballet by the choreographer Ksenija Hribar and performed in the Ljubljana Philharmonic Hall. In 1997, the experimental music group SAETA had a concert next to Tivoli Pond. They played music of the composer Vinko Globokar.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah B. and Sara Moore House is a house in Villisca, Iowa, United States. The house was the site of the 1912 brutal murder of eight people, including six children. A documentary has been made about the murder, which remains unsolved. The house was renovated in the 1990s and serves as the Villisca Axe Murder House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Josiah Moore and his family bought the house in 1903 and lived there until 1912. On the night of 9 June 1912, the six members of the Moore family and two house guests were bludgeoned to death in the residence. All eight victims, including six children, had severe head wounds inflicted with an axe. The murders were reputedly so horrifying that it is said that they took the sinking of the Titanic, which occurred about 2 months earlier, off the front page of the newspaper.</p><br>
<p>On November 7, 2014, Robert Laursen Jr. injured himself by stabbing himself in the chest during a visit to the house. He was treated of his injuries at Clarinda Regional Hospital before he was taken by medical helicopter to CHI Creighton University Medical Center in Omaha.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<h3>Renovation</h3><br>
<p>The house was built in 1868, on lot 310. After the murders, the house went through the possession of eight people, the most recent acquisition occurring in 1994 by Darwin Linn. He and his wife successfully restored the house to its original condition at the time of the murders. In 1998, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Iowa Historic Preservation Alliance recognized the site with the Preservation at its Best award in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Alleged haunting</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the renovation in 1994, at least three recorded paranormal happenings were claimed to have taken place in the house. Former tenants said that they had seen the figure of a shadowy man with an axe standing at the foot of their bed. Shoes filled with blood were found, and have since been reported to move into the middle of the room or fall over onto their side. As one report goes, a closet door opened and closed one evening, and, later that night, the tenants were seen and heard by neighbors around 3 a.m. running out of the house, screaming. In addition, there are reports that other tenants&#39; children woke up at night to the sound of children crying. Those tenants often returned home to find their clothing taken from their dresser and closet and strewn about the room. The father of the children was said to have been sharpening a knife in the kitchen when it suddenly turned around and forcefully stabbed him in the thumb. He later explained it felt as if someone had a grip on his wrist. The family departed the house that day and did not return.</p><br>
<p>The house was investigated by Ghost Adventures. During the episode, electronic voice phenomena (EVPs) were carried out. One EVP is believed to have picked up the voice of a man saying, "I killed six kids". The voice was described as if someone were swinging an axe as they said, "six kids". Another EVP revealed the names of Lena and Paul, two of the murdered kids. When asked who murdered the eight people, an EVP revealed the name, "Andy", who was one of the possible suspects. Reports show that Andy was found acting strangely, and even saying, "I&#39;ll cut their damn heads off", and making swinging motions with his arms, as if he were swinging an axe.</p><br>
<p>Multiple paranormal investigations were conducted at the house, resulting in many EVPs, videos, and photographs, leading the creators of Ghost Adventures to suggest that the house is haunted.</p><br>
<p>The Barrier Ranges or sometimes the Barrier Range and historically the Stanley&#39;s Barrier Range, is a mountain range that comprises a series of hills and higher grounds in the far western region of New South Wales, Australia, surrounding the city of Broken Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The Barrier Ranges comprise the whole system of ranges and ridges associated with the main watershed named the Main Barrier Range - including Coko Range, Floods Range, Slate Range, Robe Range, Mundi Mundi Range, Coonbaralba Range and Mount Darling Range. The city of Broken Hill lies within these ranges.</p><br>
<p>The ranges is oriented in a roughly north-south direction, east of the border between New South Wales and South Australia. It is an area of slightly higher ground lying between the lower lands along the Darling River, and lower ground in South Australia. The Barrier Ranges contains a number of mineral deposits, most notably Broken Hill.</p><br>
<p>It was reported in October 1856 that, within the last year or two numerous sheep-stations have been opened in the Barrier Ranges, affording a reasonable prospect, not only of increased pastoral wealth, but also of the gradual development of the mineral resources of the district and its ultimate settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name of the Barrier Highway and various local organisations in Broken Hill including the word barrier, are derived from the name of this range. In 1844, during his third and final expedition, Charles Sturt named the range Stanley&#39;s Barrier Range in honour of Lord Stanley.</p><br>
<p>Alexander V. Boughner House is a historic home located at Greensboro in Greene County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1857, and is a 2 1/2-story, three bay, "I"-plan dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It has a rear kitchen ell. The front facade features a small entry porch with a hipped roof supported by four square columns.</p><br>
<p>Alexander V. Boughner, born in 1830, was a third generation potter. The 1850s and 1860s were a prosperous time in the Greensboro area partially due to a 1856 extension of the slack water system of locks and dams on the Monongahela River allowing easier travel to and from Pittsburgh. Boughner participated in the general prosperity brought to the area by the stoneware industry, he remained active during the peak years in the 1870s and 1880s. He also branched out into a successful mercantile business. As was typical for the Greensboro area in that time, owner/managers lived on the same level as local artisans and workers; Boughner&#39;s home was a modest, yet substantial one.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Ware–Lyndon House is a historic house located at 293 Hoyt Street in Athens, Georgia, at the end of Jackson Street. Built circa 1850, the house is two stories and exhibits an Italianate style. Edward R. Ware, its original owner, sold the property to Edward S. Lyndon in 1880. In 1939, the city of Athens purchased the home and a major restoration was made in 1960. In 1976, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the only surviving structure from the Lickskillet neighborhood of Athens, one of the most fashionable districts of its time.</p><br>
<h2>Past owners</h2><br>
<p>Edward R. Ware came to Athens in 1829 and was one of Athens’ most prominent physicians practicing during the antebellum, Civil War, and post-Civil War periods.</p><br>
<p>The house was the site of many parties; William Hope Hull (founder of University of Georgia’s law school in 1859) described Mrs. Edward R. Ware as “full of life, loving the company of old and young, rich and poor, hospitable to lavishness, never too sick to go to a ‘party,’ and never too tired to give one…that youthful vivacity and unfeigned cordiality, which added to the other attraction of her elegant home made it one of the centers of social life in Athens.”</p><br>
<p>Edward S. Lyndon, the house’s second owner, was a druggist who owned Lyndon Mill.</p><br>
<h2>Current usage</h2><br>
<p>Since 1973, the house has served as a community arts center and has been known as the Lyndon House Arts Center since its grand opening in May 1999. This 33,000 sq. ft. addition contains galleries, studios, classrooms, and offices and was constructed to preserve the Italianate design of the adjoining original structure. The original house displays period furnishings and is open for self-guided tours.</p><br>
<p>Castle House in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales, originally formed the gatehouse to Usk Castle. Much altered in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it is now a private home and a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Coflein gives the dates of construction for the gatehouse as 1368-99. For many years, it was the residence of the castle&#39;s steward. In 1925 Castle House, and its grounds including the castle ruins, were purchased for £525 by Rudge Humphreys, whose family still own the estate. Humphreys undertook major excavation and restoration of the grounds, details of which were recorded in an archive of one hundred and seventy photographs, copies of which are held by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and description</h2><br>
<p>The building is of three storeys, in stucco, and with a slate roof. Its gabled rear range "incorporates the inner half of the late fourteenth century gatehouse" to the castle. The house is a Grade I listed building, its listing recording the reason for the designation; "listed as a major historic building, in particular (for) the importance of its medieval gatehouse".</p><br>
<p>The gardens of Castle House, dating from the early twentieth century, include a herb garden with medieval planting and are occasionally open under the National Gardens Scheme.</p><br>
<p>The Sherman Hill Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It is one of the oldest residential suburbs in Des Moines. Single-family houses were constructed beginning around 1880 and multi-family dwellings were built between 1900 and 1920. The district encompasses 80 acres  and 210 buildings and is bounded by 15th Street, Woodland Avenue, Martin Luther King Parkway and School Street. The historic district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sherman Hill took its name in the early 1970s, borrowed from the name of Hoyt Sherman Place, which is located in the southeast part of the neighborhood. In the early 1870s, Des Moines banker Hoyt Sherman built his brick "palazzo" on a hill overlooking the city center. He was followed by local developers such as Talmadge Brown, James Savory and W.C. Burton who laid out streets and lots in the first of seven subdivisions which now encompasses the district. The forty years of development saw the construction of late Victorian mansions, simple hipped box houses, the gable-roofed vernacular houses and small cottages. After 1900 multi-family apartment buildings were built in the district. It has the highest concentration of residential architecture from the late 19th-century and the early 20th-century in Des Moines. Given the range of architecture and houses sizes it has also contained a variety of income levels over the years.</p><br>
<p>The various architectural designs in Sherman Hill were set by the end of World War I. Over the following 30 to 35 years the housing stock began to deteriorate, and the wealthier residents began to move to the newer suburban districts to the south and west. At the same time, the population in the district increased as the larger homes were converted from single-family to multi-family dwellings. By the mid-20th century, the neighborhood had become blighted with abandoned and condemned housing. The early 1960s saw the construction of cheap, unaesthetic apartment complexes. The pace of deterioration slowed somewhat in the late 20th century as the city, neighborhood residents and newcomers took an interest in historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>The most prosperous years of Sherman Hill were from about 1880 to just after 1900 when a variety of prominent Des Moines businessmen choose to live in the area. Hoyt Sherman, a lawyer, banker, and local politician was joined by insurance executive Henry Scholte Nollen (664-18th) whose grandfather founded the Dutch community of Pella, Iowa. Real estate developer Samuel Saucerman (1510 Center) who was responsible for developing a portion of the city northwest of Drake University. Prominent members of Des Moines’ Jewish community moved to the district around the turn of the 20th century. They tended to live along 18th Street and Woodland Avenue, and they included Aaron Younker (823-18th), who with his brothers developed the Younkers department store chain. Other professionals who lived here included Lafayette Young (822-18th), who was the publisher of the Des Moines Capital, one of the citys major newspapers at the time; Robert S. Finkbine (808-19th) who was the Superintendent of Construction for the Iowa State Capitol and T. Fred Henry (1701 Woodland), a locally-known African American musician and the leader of T.F. Henrys Band. Henry Wallace (756-16th) lived in Sherman Hill from about 1893 to 1910. He was an advocate for agricultural improvement and reform, edited the Homestead and, with his sons, founded Wallaces Farm and Dairy, which became a major national publication named Wallaces Farmer. His son was USA Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace and his grandson was Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce and USA Vice President Henry A. Wallace.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Sherman Hill is a 15 block area northwest of downtown Des Moines. It is mostly a residential area with two clusters of commercial buildings, one on the northwest corner and another along its southern border. The streets follow a grid pattern that is oriented north to south. The elevation of the district varies as do the sizes of the lots. There is an abundance of trees, but no public spaces.</p><br>
<p>Houses built in the 1880s and the early 1890s were of either brick or frame construction. After the turn of the 20th-century brick was used primarily for commercial or apartment building construction. There are only two examples of brick houses from this period. Architectural styles of the larger houses in the district include French Château, vernacular Italianate, Queen Anne and Eastlake. There are also three Victorian Italianate row houses that were built in 1887. Many of the houses do not exhibit a definitive architectural style. Instead, they are classified by size, form and roof shape. These included houses known as the hipped box, gabled-roofed and cottages.</p><br>
<p>The apartment buildings built in the first two decades of the 20th century are three or more stories tall. They feature a simple, rectilinear form with flat fronts. Details are concentrated at the doorways, cornices and windows. There are several double houses, which date from the same period. They are similar in design with the apartment buildings, although many have projecting window bays. All of the double houses are two stories high, and many feature front porches.</p><br>
<p>There is also a church in the northwest corner of the district, Kingsway Cathedral. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson and was built in 1901. The Gothic Revival style building features a crenellated corner tower.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The Lexington</p><br>
<p>Hoyt Sherman Place</p><br>
<p>Henry Wallace House</p><br>
